- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •History of Mechanical Engineering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Engineering materials
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •Mechanical Properties of Materials
- •2. Listen to the text “The Materials Cycle and the Role of Materials science and Engineering” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false statements.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.
- •V. Communicative skills
- •1. The elements which are the building blocks for all materials.
- •3. Physical and some other properties of Materials.
- •Physical and Some Other Properties of Materials
- •4. Properties of Materials.
- •Analyze the table “Properties” below.
- •Resume, what do Properties of Materials imply? Tell about Mechanical, Physical, Chemical, Dimensional properties of Materials particularly.
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •For structural and wear applications
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-metallic Materials. Advantages and Limitations of Non-metallic Materials for Structural and Wear Application”.
- •III. Rendering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Metals. Iron and Steel
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Metals. Iron and Steel”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Classification of iron and steel. Methods of manufacture
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Heat Treatment of Steels. Heat Treatment Operations
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Heat Treatment of Steels”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Heat-Treatment Operations
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Aluminum”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Other engineering metals and their alloys
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Lathes
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Lathes”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text about machining of metals, analyze the table and translate all the information into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Machining of metals
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Cutting Tools
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Cutting Tools”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and analyze the pictures.
2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Cutting Tools
The history of machine tools in modern times resembles the history of warfare. Just as the builder of a battleship was compelled to design ever thicker and stronger armour plate to counter the improved shells invented by the gun makers so the demands of modern industry have compelled tool-steel makers to invent ever more powerful cutting materials.
In the early days cutting tools were made of carbon later of carbon steel.
In the late 19-th century a self-hardening steel containing a small tungsten content appeared and could do work for which a carbon steel was useless.
Then followed the invention of tools of tungsten carbide, a product made in a furnace by fusing together a mass of metallic powder and a bonding medium. With tungsten carbide light finishing cuts could be taken at speeds never before possible, but owing to the brittleness of this exceptionally hard material, rigidity of the machine and power to give the required speeds of cutting were even more essential than for the high-speed steels.
An intermediate cutting alloy is Stellite, an alloy of cobalt, chromium, tungsten and carbon, which in cutting properties lies somewhere between the best high-speed steels and the carbide tools.
Diamonds, extensively used as cutting tools, are particularly suitable for the mass production of parts with great accuracy to dimensions, and where an extremely good surface is needed.
The standard cutting tool shapes are facing tools, roughing tools, finishing tools, left hand cutting tools and other specially shaped cutting tools.
Facing tools are ground to provide clearance with a center. Roughing tools have a small side relief angle to leave more material to support the cutting edge during deep cuts.
Finishing tools have a more rounded nose to provide a finer finish. Round nose tools are for lighter turning. They have no back or side rake to permit cutting in either diitection.
Left hand cutting tools are designed to cut best when traveling from left to right.
Aluminum is cut best by specially shaped cutting tools with the cutting edge slightly above center to reduce chatter.
3. Answer the following questions.
What does the history of machine tools resemble?
What were the first history products of the first tool-makers?
What were cutting tools made of in the early days?
When did a self-hardening steel containing a small tungsten content appear?
What were the other inventions of tools?
What is an intermediate cutting alloy?
What nature material has been using as cutting tools extensively?
What are the standard cutting tool shapes?
What is aluminum cut best by?
4. Complete the sentences.
In the early days cutting tools were made of …
Tungsten carbide is a product made by …
An intermediate cutting alloy is …
Diamonds are suitable where …
The standard cutting tool shapes are …
Left hand cutting tools are designed to …
Aluminum is cut best by …