- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •History of Mechanical Engineering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Engineering materials
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •Mechanical Properties of Materials
- •2. Listen to the text “The Materials Cycle and the Role of Materials science and Engineering” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false statements.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.
- •V. Communicative skills
- •1. The elements which are the building blocks for all materials.
- •3. Physical and some other properties of Materials.
- •Physical and Some Other Properties of Materials
- •4. Properties of Materials.
- •Analyze the table “Properties” below.
- •Resume, what do Properties of Materials imply? Tell about Mechanical, Physical, Chemical, Dimensional properties of Materials particularly.
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •For structural and wear applications
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-metallic Materials. Advantages and Limitations of Non-metallic Materials for Structural and Wear Application”.
- •III. Rendering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Metals. Iron and Steel
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Metals. Iron and Steel”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Classification of iron and steel. Methods of manufacture
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Heat Treatment of Steels. Heat Treatment Operations
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Heat Treatment of Steels”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Heat-Treatment Operations
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Aluminum”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Other engineering metals and their alloys
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Lathes
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Lathes”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text about machining of metals, analyze the table and translate all the information into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Machining of metals
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Cutting Tools
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Cutting Tools”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and analyze the pictures.
I. Reading skills
1. Pre-reading tasks
a) You will read a text about heat treatment of steels.
What are the reasons for heat treating?
b) Read and remember the following words and word-combinations used in their specialized meanings.
alloy [ʹælƆi] n сплав
alloying adj легований
artifact [ʹa:tifækt] n арх. рештки матеріальної культури стародавньої людини
boron [ʹbƆ:rƆn] n бор
chromium [ʹkrəumjəm] n хром
crude iron [kru:d][ ʹaiən] n необроблене залізо
die [dai] n штампувальний молот
diffusion [diʹfju:ʒ(ə)n] n розсіювання, дифузія
fracture [ʹfrækt∫ə] n розрив, тріщина
hardening n гартування
heat treatment [hi:t][ ʹtri:tmənt] n теплова обробка
nitrogen [ʹnaitrədʒən] n азот
quench [kwent∫] n гасіння
relief [riʹli:f] n 1)полегшення; 2) зниження
softening [ʹsƆfniŋ] n пом'якшення
strain [strein] n напруження; деформація
subject n піддавати (чомусь – to)
temper [ʹtempə] n доводити до потрібного стану твердості
tempering n відпускання сталі
wear n зношування
weld [weld] n зварювати
2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Heat Treatment of Steels. Heat Treatment Operations
Artifacts from early civilizations indicate that crude iron was hardened by heat treatment as early as 1.000 B.C., but an understanding of the compositional and structural factors controlling hardening of iron or steel was not achieved until the eighteenth century.
Heat-treatment is the process of controlled heating and cooling of metals to change their structural arrangement and to ensure certain desirable properties.
Reasons for Heat Treating
Hardening. Steels can be heat treated to high hardness and strength level. The reasons for doing this are obvious. Structural components subjected to high operating stress need the high strength of a hardened structure. Similarly, tools such as dies, knives, cutting devices, and forming devices need a hardened structure to resist wear and deformation.
Softening a hardened structure. Most steels weld better in their soft state than in their hardened state; softening may be used to aid weldability.
Stress Relief. Stress relieving is a heat treatment used to remove internal strains without significantly lowering strength. It is used where close dimensional control is needed on weldments, forgings, castings.
Diffusion of alloying elements. It was stated that one of the criteria for hardening a steel is that it has sufficient carbon content. Carbon is frequently diffused into the surface of soft steels for surface hardening. Using this principle, elements such as chromium, boron, nitrogen, and silicon can be diffused in the surface of steel for special purposes.
Tempering. As quenched hardened steels are so brittle that even slight impacts may cause fracture. Tempering is a heat treatment that reduces the brittleness of a steel without significantly lowering its hardness and strength. All hardened steels must be tempered before use.
3. Find the answers to the questions.
When was crude iron hardened by heat treatment judging by artifacts?
What is heat treatment?
What are reasons for heat treatment?
Why do cutting and forming devices need a hardened structure?
What may softening be used to?
What is stress relieving?
What elements can be diffused in the surface of steel for special purposes?
What is tempering?