8. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

Principal means; log transportation; low-lying districts; mountainous areas; chutes; flumes; wire cable; valley; canyon; pulley; relatively primitive; log concentration yards; log landings; railroad care; logging railroad; truck hauling; available; extend; life of sawmills; cutting period.

9. В следующих словах выделите суффиксы лица, предмета, абстрактных существительных, прилагательных, глаголов и наречий.

a) freedom, slowly, comforter, astonishment, gardener, princess, reddish, richness, captor, admiration, girlish, loosen, engineer, glassful, childhood, grateful, navigation, abolitionist, growth, threaten, steamer, mouthful, accuser, stenographer.

b) likelihood, suburbanite, evacuee, breadth, fighter, faithless, philosopher, authoress, understandable, profiteer, foundling, womanish, trickster, shortish, development, Chinese, nighty, geographer, auntie, soften, assignee, justify, teamster, westward, aggressor, leaflet, sympathize, dullard, televising, realism, manhood, resemblance, authorship, baronage, dandyism, auctioneer, de Gaulist, biographer.

10. State what words have been substituted by THAT (THOSE).

1. Logging and milling practices in Canada are smaller to those in the adjacent areas of the USA.

2. Modern equipment is used not only by larger companies, but also by those of smaller size.

3. The mileage of truck roads is larger than that of railroads.

4. Skidding tractor is not so powerful as that used for log transportation.

5. Latin-American countries use logging equipment quite different from that common in Europe.

6. The capacity of logging trucks must be larger than that of common ones.

7. Wood harvested in spring is considered to be more valuable than that harvested in winter.

11. Запомните следующие словосочетания, используемые с герундием:

worth (while) + Gerund – стоит + неопределенная форма глагола

cannot help + Gerund - нельзя не + неопределенная форма глагола

no use + Gerund - бесполезно, нет смысла + неопределенная форма глагола

1. It is worth discussing this phenomenon.

2. They could not help using this information.

3. It is worth thinking over the effects I have just described.

4. It is no use speaking of it.

5. They could not help seeing the importance the process.

6. They couldn’t help laughing.

7. It may well be worth while considering the investigation.

12. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Another possible way of increasing the ground adherence is by the use of removable wheel girdles.

2. Harvesting is primarily a transportation problem.

3. Cutting and horse skidding, team hauling with sledges during the winter typified logging operations in the early days.

4. This information can be obtained only by making an inspection on the ground and recording the amount and kind of timber.

5. The cost of constructing roads varies greatly with the steepness of slopes and soil conditions.

6. By varying the combination of log length it is possible to utilize almost and total merchantable length.

7. Periodically during the sawing operation in both felling and bucking pines, kerosene is sprinkled over both sides of the saw blade.

13. Rearrange these words to make sensible sentences.

1. Well generally are cutters paid.

2. Paid are other in areas the total volume felled and of a given period bucked the cutters by during timber.

3. The rate of pay vary and method however of payment both throughout the country.

4. Are generally more experienced since the bushelers supervision not is necessary intensive.

5. Be carefully must however the work supervised.