Index

A

Abadie, L. M., 61, 62, 64, 78 Ad valorem tariff, 24, 29

Air pollution, 102, 146, 160, 172 Aizenman, J., 97

Allocative efficiency, 30, 34, 37–39 Alpay, E., 182

Amann, C., 179

Ambec, S., 181 Anderson, S.T., 61, 78

Annex countries, 12, 15, 24, 26–34, 37, 39 Applicant, 102, 185, 208, 210, 211,

213, 214

Armington elasticity, 15, 17, 26 Armington, P.S., 6, 15, 17 Armstrong, J.S., 85 Assessment criteria, 44 Astrand, K., 50, 54

Atkinson, G., 39

B

Baker, E., 51

Barla, P., 181 Barradale, M.J., 98, 99 Beckman, J.F., 15 Berman, E., 182 Bioenergy, 200 Biofuels, 9, 12, 198–220 Bloom, N., 104

Border tax adjustments, 26–28, 39 Bottom up model, 2–3

Boyd, G., 60 Brunnermeier, S.B., 181 Bui, L.T.M., 182 Bunse, K., 61 Burniaux, J.M., 11, 15

C

Cagatay, S., 190

Capital energy nest, 14–15 Carbon

intensity, 25

leakage, 11, 14, 15, 19, 23–39 pricing, 63

tax rate, 12 CGE, 2–4 Choe, C., 178

CIS. See Community Innovation Survey (CIS) Citations, 118, 210, 211, 213, 214

Climate policy, 24–27, 59–79, 97 Coal fired electricity, 99

CO2 emissions, 2, 11–15, 18–20, 24–27, 32, 44, 60, 70, 78, 83, 99, 144, 145, 147, 148, 158, 164, 165

Cohen, M.A., 181

Cohen, M.K., 181 Cole, M.A., 160, 178

Community Innovation Survey (CIS), 140, 142–144, 147, 149, 151

Competitiveness, 12, 24, 25, 29, 31, 34, 39, 60, 81–92, 140, 147, 179–183

Complementarity, 51–55, 91, 151, 157, 160, 170, 171

Consumer firm, 113–135

Convergence, 156, 159, 164, 166, 167, 171 Correlation, 74, 104, 119, 120, 126, 129–135,

163, 164, 171 Corrocher, N., 207 Costantini, V., 182

Cost benefit analyses, 178 Cost uncertainty, 100 Count data, 104

Creative response, 141 Czarnitzki, D., 104

228

D

DeCanio, S.J., 60 Decoupling, 129, 179 De Groot, H.L.F., 60 Dernis, H., 184

De Vries, F.P., 181 Dixit, A.K., 96 Dong, Y., 26

Double externality, 46, 82, 156 Driesen, D., 183

Dynamic efficiency, 43–56

Dynamics, 43–56, 91, 128, 140, 141, 145, 155–172, 175–195, 211, 217, 219

E

Eco-activity, 113–135

Eco-impact, 114–123, 125–129, 131, 134, 135 Eco-innovation, 82, 84, 86, 89, 129 Econometric model, 61, 75, 146–148, 150 Elgie, S., 181

Eliste, P., 190

Emission efficiency, 155–172 Emission intensity, 13, 19, 147, 160

Emission trading (ET), 3, 9, 11, 12, 20, 24, 27–38, 72, 158, 172

Employment, 2, 162, 164

EMS. See Environmental management system (EMS)

End of pipe, 82, 87, 99, 101, 146, 158, 164 Endogeneity, 103, 147, 150

Energy

consumption, 5, 14, 25, 60, 68, 71, 74–78, 144, 199

demand, 2, 9, 25, 29

efficiency, 14, 59–79, 83, 84, 86, 158, 168, 169

efficiency policy, 59–79 intensity, 13, 25, 160

intensive sector, 15, 30–32, 34, 36, 64 model, 1–20, 24

planning, 71, 73, 78

prices, 1, 11, 14, 26, 29, 61, 64, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165–167, 169, 171

standards, 69, 78

Enironmental regulation, 25, 51, 52, 69, 72, 82, 83, 98, 139, 140, 142–145, 148–151, 156, 157, 160, 161, 170, 178–182, 194, 195

Environmental accounting, 140, 144, 145, 151 Environmental damage, 97, 141 144 Environmental innovation, 82, 95–110,

140–142, 144, 146, 149, 156–158, 177, 178, 181, 182

Index

Environmental management system (EMS), 88, 89

Environmental performance, 113–135, 160, 170

Environmental policies, 2, 3, 9, 11, 31, 44, 96–98, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 114, 139–151, 156–158, 166, 174, 178–183, 190

Environmental technology, 44, 82, 83, 95–110, 141, 151, 156, 157, 160, 168, 171, 181, 214

Europe, 15, 18, 19, 30, 34, 38, 39, 89, 96, 146, 155–172, 176, 179, 189, 200, 209, 213

European directive, 177, 190, 195, 213 Externality, 24, 46, 82, 156, 157, 163, 178,

188, 189

External knowledge, 147, 149, 150

F

Faber, A., 55 Farzin, Y.H., 100

Firm competitiveness, 81–92 Fischer, C., 44

Fischer, K.M., 179

Fossil fuels, 11, 13, 14, 19, 25–27, 44, 59, 114, 158, 163, 182, 199–201

Fraser, I., 178 Fredriksson, P.G., 190 Frenken, K., 55

Fuss, S., 100

G

Gan, J., 12 Gerlagh, R., 25

GHG. See Greenhouse gases (GHG) Global cooperative scenario, 39 Goddard, H.C., 178

Goel, R.K., 96 Golub, A., 11, 13, 14

Greenhouse gases (GHG), 9, 12, 14, 20, 25, 59, 62, 63, 69–73, 75–78, 145, 150, 199, 200

Green inventory (GI), 202–206, 214–216 Green product, 88, 89, 91, 114, 120, 129 Grubler, A., 55

GTAP-E, 1–20, 24, 28

H

Hall, B.H., 88

Hanoch, G., 8

Hart, S., 83

Index

Hausman, J.A., 74

Hekkert, M.P., 202

Herold, A., 13

Hertel, T.W., 6, 8, 15

Hicks, J.R., 140, 141

Hoffmann, V., 52

Horbach, J., 144

Howarth, R.B., 76

I

Induced technical change, 141 Industrial firm, 113–135 Innovation

adoption, 107, 156

indicators, 118, 140, 142, 143, 149, 178, 188, 201, 211, 213

input, 142, 144, 146, 186 offset, 81–92

output, 102, 142, 144, 147, 201, 215, 216 strategy, 84, 91, 92, 143, 146, 147, 157,

158, 178

system, 46–48, 52, 53, 55, 202, 211, 219 Innovativeness, 113–135

Integrated process, 99, 101, 159 Intellectual property rights, 213 International energy balances, 5

International patent classification (IPC), 102, 108, 184, 201–209, 213, 214, 218, 219 Invention, 46, 87, 91, 92, 102, 107, 141, 142,

185, 201, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214 Investment decisions, 60–64, 78, 96, 99, 100,

107, 108

IPC. See International patent classification (IPC)

Irreversibility, 96, 98–101 Isik, M., 99

J

Jacobsson, S., 48

Jaffe, A.B.., 54, 180–182

Johnson, A., 48

Johnstone, N., 182, 214

Junginger, M., 51

K

Kahn, M., 184

Kahouli-Brahmi, S., 51

Kaurosakis, K., 179

Keith, D., 100

Keywords, 202, 204–212, 214–218

229

Kneese, A., 44

Koetse, M.J., 15

Kort, P.M., 100

Kuhlmann, S., 50, 53

Kuik, O. J., 25

Kulatilaka, 15

L

Landfill diversion, 175, 176, 194

Lanjouw, J.O., 156

Lanoie, P., 181, 182

Learning by interacting, 50, 51, 54

Learning effects, 47–55

Lee, H., 11, 13, 14

Lock-in, 44, 46, 47, 49, 82

Lo¨fgren, A., 100

Lovely, M., 157

Ludena, C., 14

M

Malerba, F., 143

Manufacturing, 19, 34, 36, 37, 50, 60–62, 82,

83, 85, 87, 116, 120, 128, 145, 161, 162,

164, 170, 171, 179, 181–183, 201, 206

industry, 60, 62, 83, 144, 181

Marechal, K., 45

Marin, G., 160

Marion, N.P., 97

Markard, J., 48

Martin, M., 61, 78

Marx, K., 141

Maynard, L.J., 101

Mazzanti, M., 160, 179, 182, 183, 186, 194

McDougall, R., 11, 13, 14

McGuire, M., 179

Meyer, N., 49

Miedzinski, M., 83

Mihci, H., 190

Mody, O., 156

Muthulingam, S., 78

N

Narayanan, B., 5

National accounting matrix including environmental accounts (NAMEA), 140, 143, 145, 147, 151, 163

Neij, L., 50, 54

Nemet, G., 51

Newell, R.G., 44, 61, 78

Nicoletti, G., 159, 160

230

Nicolli, F., 182, 183, 186, 194

Non abating country, 24–28, 31, 32, 39 Non annex countries, 24–26, 28–35, 37, 39 Non cooperative solution, 31

Non eco CSR, 116 Nonrenewables, 59

O

Oates, E., 180

Okagawa, A., 15

Option value, 96, 97, 99

Organisational change, 144

Ottosson, M., 61

Overton, T.S., 85

P

PACE. See Pollution abatement and control expenditures (PACE)

Palmer, K., 180, 181 Panagarya, A., 15

Panel data, 61, 68, 74, 96, 114, 191 Parry, I., 44

Patent

count, 181, 183–186, 191–195, 214 opposition, 210

quality, 210

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), 185–187, 190, 192, 195, 213

Path dependency, 46, 47 Payback time, 61, 62, 64, 67, 78

PCT. See Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Pethig, R., 179

Pickle, S.J., 98 Pindyck, R.S., 15, 96

Policy index, 190–192, 194

Policy instruments, 28, 44, 45, 50, 51, 99, 103, 151, 157, 182

Policy uncertainty, 95–110

Pollution abatement and control expenditures (PACE), 103

Popp, D., 156, 157, 181 Porter hypothesis, 82, 180–183

Porter, M.E., 82, 83, 85, 89, 140, 180, 182, 183 Probit models, 64, 78

Process analysis, 202, 207, 218

Process eco-impact, 114, 115, 120, 122, 128 Process innovation, 50, 52, 82, 84, 86, 89–91,

142, 143, 213

Process related eco activity, 115, 120, 122, 123, 125, 128, 133

Product eco-impact, 114, 122, 128

Index

Productivity, 60, 64, 155–172, 182 Product quality, 146, 147, 149, 151 Product related eco-activity, 115, 120, 122,

123, 129, 132

R

Rammer, C., 144 Ram, R., 96

Recycling, 109, 117, 120, 122–125, 176–179, 184, 186, 188, 189, 192–195

Regional climate policy, 59–79

Regression, 65, 67, 75, 77, 85, 103, 104, 106, 126, 127, 161, 192, 194

Reid, A., 83 Reinelt, P., 100

Renewable electricity, 43–56, 69, 91 Renewable energy, 44, 47–51, 60, 69, 76, 87,

98, 99, 200 Rennings, K., 144 Requate, T., 44

Research and development (R&D), 44–47, 50–53, 86–88, 92, 95–110, 118–120, 127, 140, 142–144, 146, 147, 149, 151, 160, 181, 201, 202

Resource efficiency, 144–151 Rodrik, D., 97

Rogge, K., 52

Rohdin, P., 61

S

Sagar, A., 53 Sandberg, P., 60

Scarpetta, S., 159, 160, 162 Schleich, J., 50, 52 Schmookler, J., 141 Schulze, C., 44 Schumpeter, J.A., 140, 141

Sectoral innovation systems, 211, 219 Seppala, T., 179

Shortle, J.S., 101

Siebert, H., 179

Smith, C.T., 12

Smits, R., 50, 53 Smit, T., 54

Social corporate performance, 114, 116, 118, 124, 126, 127

Social regulation, 81–92 So¨derholm, P., 98 So¨derstro¨m, M., 60 Spillover effect, 86 Stakeholders, 49, 88, 89

Index

Stringency, 25, 91, 97, 98, 103, 107, 140–142, 145, 149, 150, 156, 176, 177, 179, 181–183, 188, 190

Subsidies, 5, 7, 45, 54, 63, 67, 82–84, 86, 92, 99, 182

Substitution elasticity, 9, 11, 12, 14–15, 19, 26 Survey, 82, 85, 87–91, 103, 104, 140, 143, 144,

178, 181

Sustainability, 82–87, 89, 91, 156, 217 innovation, 82–87, 91

Systems of innovation, 44, 46–50, 52, 56, 143

T

Tariff, 3–5, 24, 26–32, 34, 36, 39, 45, 92, 99, 182

Technological change, 12, 44, 45, 48–52, 55, 139–151, 156, 168, 170, 180, 182, 195, 200, 210, 211

Technological competition, 52, 55 Technological competitiveness, 52, 55, 147 Technological diffusion, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52,

140, 156, 157, 159, 165, 166, 171, 200 Technological maturity, 182, 195 Technological regime, 49, 54, 143, 201 Technology frontier, 3, 157–159, 162, 165,

170, 171

TFP. See Total factor productivity (TFP) Thollander, P., 61

Tonn, B., 61, 78

Toole, A.A., 104

Top down model, 2–3, 14

Total factor productivity (TFP), 158–171 Trade policy, 39, 46

Traditional economics, 44–46, 51 Tressel, T., 159, 160, 162 Truffer, B., 48

Truong, T., 11, 15 Tsigas, M., 6, 8

Turnover, 14, 118, 119, 147, 149

231

U

Unruh, G., 46, 47

V

Validation method, 206

Van der Linde, C., 82, 83, 140, 180, 182, 183 Van der Zwaan, B., 53

Van Reenen, J., 104

Verbruggen, H., 25

Volatility, 1, 96, 100–102, 104–106, 201

W

Walz, R., 50, 52

Waste disposal, 178, 179, 195 Waste hierarchy, 175, 177

Waste mangement, 102, 109, 110, 175–179, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192–195

Waste technology, 175–195 Watanabe, C., 53

Watkins, W.E., 60 Welfare loss, 31, 34, 37 Welsch, H., 15 Whalley, J., 26

Wing, S., 2 Wiser, R.H., 98 Withagen, C., 181

X

Xepapadeas, A., 100

Y

Yang, M., 97

Z

Ziedonis, R.H., 88

Zoboli, R., 160, 179