VIII. Write information about yourself according to the plan below.

─ I was born in…

─ I studied at…

─ My main subjects at school were …

─ I joined my present company in …

─ I take care of my health…

Thank you. Good luck.

Вариант 4

I. Active vocabulary:

dairy cows ─ молочные коровы

beef animals ─ мясные животные

to keep in stables ─ держать в стойле

the barn ─ сарай

dehorning ─ удаление, спиливание рогов

the damage ─ повреждение

the calf ─ теленок

castration ─ кастрация

udder ─ вымя

shelter ─ укрытие, помещение

Translate the text “Cattle Management”

Shelter. ─ Dairy cows require more shelter than beef animals. Cows were found to eat more and give less milk when exposed to severe weather than when kept in stables. Cows exposed to winter rain tend to show a decrease of from 10 to 50 per cent in milk flow, and at least a month will be required for them to return to their normal yield. Stables for cows should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. The stable should be in connection with the barn in which the feeding stuffs are stored.

Dehorning. ─ Feeder cattle having horns do not feed out so well as dehorned cattle. Badly bruised carcasses are usually found in trans­porting horned cattle. Besides the damage done to meat, the hide is often damaged. Generally speaking, the younger cattle are when they are dehorned, the better beef animals they will make. If dehorning is done while the calf is young, the operation will be less severe.

Castration. ─ Bull calves can be castrated at any time from a few weeks to 7 months of age. It is better, however, that they should be castrated before they are 4 months old. In any case the opera­tion should not be delayed until 7 months.

Treatment of cows before and after calving. ─ As a rule the greatest possible milk yield may be obtained by drying off the cows from 6 to 8 weeks before calving. This may be done by excluding the grain ration, and by milking once a day and later every other day. Attention should be given to the condition of the udder during this period so as to prevent inflammation.

Some cows, however, do not require the period of rest before calving.

After calving the cow should be kept warm and should not be allowed to drink very cold water. The calf should be allowed to suck the cow for 4 or 5 days, after which he may be separated_, from the cow and fed on whole milk, then on skim milk and grain.

II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.

Укрытие, холодная погода, надои молока, стойло для коровы, животные, находящиеся на откорме, обращение с коровой, после отела, вымя, обезжиреное молоко.

III. Answer the questions on the text.

1. Why do dairy cows require more shelter than beef animals?

2. Should stables for cows be cleaned and disinfected regularly?

3. Why are beef cattle dehorned?

4. When will dehorning be less severe?

5. When can bull calves be castrated?

6. How should cows be treated before calving?

7. How should the cow be kept after calving?

8. How long should the calf be allowed to suck the cow?