Вариант 3

I. Active vocabulary:

breaking down ─ разрушение, расщепление

building up ─ создавать

determine ─ определять

digestibility of the food ─ усвояемость пищи

palatability – приемлемость

supply of vitamins ─ обеспечить витаминами

succulent forage ─ сочный фураж

dry fodder ─ сухой корм

carbon ─ углерод

hydrogen ─ водород

muscular tissue ─ мышечная ткань

Translate the text “Composition of Foods”

The animal body is in a constant state of breaking down and building up. The row materials for the building up of an animal are the foods consumed. Good results in feeding are not, however , determined only by the chemical composition of the foods. The physical conditions and digestibility of the food, its palatability, its supply of vitamins and the conditions of the animal are all important factors.

The animal body is built up of 4 main substances: water, fats, proteins and ash. These are the materials to be included in the animal's diet.

Water. - The amount of water varies in different foods. With succulent forage and root crops there is sometimes more water than the animal needs. With dry fodder like hay, the deficiency can be compensated by supplying water to drink.

Fats. - Plant fats are easily changed to animal fats. Fats con­tain carbon, hydrogen and only a little oxygen. The animal burns them in the process of respiration. In this way the animal heat is maintained. When more fat is eaten than is being burned in respiration, then the excess can be stored up for use at a future time.

Carbohydrates. - The principal carbohydrates are sugars, starch and cellulose. These are of nearly the same composition, but differ in the amount of work required to digest them. If carbohydrates are consumed in excess, the animal can store them by changing them into fat.

Proteins. - They contain not only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but also nitrogen. Proteins are necessary to build up muscular tissue, which fats and carbohydrates cannot do.

Ash. - The amount of ash in feeding stuffs varies greatly. Most common feeds contain from 2 to 8 per cent of ash, which consists of silica and the sulphates, chlorides, phosphates of carbonates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, and a large number of other elements.

II. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.

тело животного, химические составляющие, усвояемость пищи, физические условия, объем воды, сочный фураж, растительные жиры.

III. Answer the questions on the text.

1. What are the row materials for the building up of an animal?

2. What are good results in feeding determined by?

3. What main substances is the animal body built up or?

4. What materials should be included in the animals diet?

5. What do fats contain?

6. What are the principal carbohydrates?

7. What do proteins contain?

8. What elements does ash consist of?

IV. Read the text again. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. The animal body is in a constant state of breaking down and building up.

2. The animal body is built up of 2 main substances : water and fats.

3. Fats con­tain carbon, hydrogen and only a little oxygen.

4. Proteins are necessary to build up muscular tissue.

5. The principal carbohydrates are sugars, starch and cellulose.

V. Complete the sentences with the information from the text.

1. The animal body is in a constant state of…

2. The animal body is built up of 4 main…

3. The amount of water varies…

4. Fats con­tain carbon…

5. Most common feeds contain…

VI. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1. The animal body is built up of 4 main substances.

2. Plant fats are easily changed to animal fats.

3. The principal carbohydrates are sugars, starch and cellulose.

4. They contain only carbon.

5. The amount of ash varies greatly.

VII. Insert correct prepositions where necessary.

1. The row materials … the building up … an animal are the foods consumed.

2. The animal body is built up .. 4 main substances: water, fats, proteins arid ash.

3. The amount … water varies … different foods.

4. Plant fats are easily changed … animal fats.

5. The animal can store them … changing them into fat.

6. Most common feeds contain … 2 … 8 per cent of ash.