Lesson 2. The early days of the automobile

1. Подберите правильный перевод

achieve	steam	restriction	appear
single	drive	famous	escort
propel	brakes	limit	driver
suggest	roller	law	prosecute
build	gearbox	buy	gear
engine	lag	issue	box

ограничение достигать появляться пар

известный один препровождать управлять

предел двигать водитель тормоза

закон предлагать привлекать к суду ролик

покупать строить шестерня коробка передач

проблема двигатель коробка отставать

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания

mechanical power, to propel a vehicle by mechanical power, self-propelled vehicle, a steam-driven engine, a three-wheeled carriage, legislative acts, motor cars were outlawed

3. Перечитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы

Text 2. The early days of the automobile

Like most other great human achievements, the motor car is not the product of any single inventor.

One of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle by mechanical power was sug­gested by Isaac Newton. But the first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by the French military engineer Cugnot in 1763. He built a steam-driven engine which had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles per hour.

In 1784 the Russian inventor Kulibin built a three-wheeled carriage.

In his vehicle he used for the first time such new elements as brakes, rollers and a gearbox.

In 1825 a steam engine was built in Great Britain. The vehicle carried 18 passengers and covered 8 miles in 45 minutes. However, the progress of motor cars met with great opposition in Great Britain. Further development of motor car lagged because of the restrictions resulting from legislative acts. The most famous of these acts was the Red Flag Act of 1865, according to which the speed of the steam-driven vehicles was limited to 4 miles per hour and a man with a red flag had to walk in front of it.

In Russia there were cities where motor cars were outlawed altogether. When the editor of the local newspaper in the city of Uralsk bought a car, the governor issued these instructions to the police: "When the vehicle appears in the streets, it is to be stopped and escorted to the police station, where its driver is to be prosecuted."

Is the motor car a product of a single inventor?

When was the first self-propelled vehicle constructed?

What elements did the Russian inventor Kulibin

use for the first time in his vehicle?

Did the progress of motor cars meet with great opposition?

4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения.

Like most other great human , the motor car is not the product of ______________ .

In his vehicle Kulibin used for the first time such new elements as , , and .

The progress of motor cars in Great Britain.

The speed of the steam-driven vehicles was to 4 miles per hour and a man with a red flag __________front of it.

In Russia there were cities where ______________ altogether.

СЛОВАРЬ К УРОКУ 2

Слова, словосочетания и специальные термины

achievable — достижимый

achieve — достигать

achievement — достижение

act — действие, действовать

appear — появляться

attempt - попытка; пытаться, делать попытку

box — коробка

brakes — тормоза

build (built) - строить

builder — строитель

building - здание

built-in — встроенный (об устройствах)

buy (bought) — покупать

buyer — покупатель

drive (drove, driven) — приводить в движение; управлять {автомобилем)

driver — водитель, приводное устройство, драйвер

driving belt - приводной ремень

driving axle — ведущий мост, ведущая ось

engine — двигатель

escort — препровождать, эскортировать; эскорт, конвой

famous — известный

gear — шестерня

gearbox — коробка передач

issue — выпуск, проблема, издание, спорный вопрос

lag — отставание, запаздывание; отставать, зазор, сдвиг

law — закон, право

lawful — законный

lawless — беззаконный, необузданный

lawyer — юрист

legislative acts — законодательные акты

limit — ограничение, предел; ограничивать

mechanical power — механическая сила

motor cars were outlawed — легковые автомобили были запрещены

outlaw — объявлять вне закона

outlawed — незаконный, вне закона

propel — двигать, приводить в движение

propel a vehicle by mechanical power — приводить в движение транспортное средство механической силой

propellant — движущая сила

propeller —двигатель, движитель

prosecute — привлекать к суду

restriction - предел

roller — ролик, подшипник

self-propelled - самодвижущийся

self-propelled vehicle — самодвижущееся транспортное средство

single — один, единственный

speed — скорость, число оборотов; ускорять

_{steam — пар}

steam-driven engine — двигатель, приводимый в движение паром; паровой двигатель

suggest - предлагать

three-wheeled carriage — трехколесный экипаж