Ideological legacy of ancient Greek Democracy was one of the sources of political and legal concepts of the New

global history of political and legal doctrines - one of the importantparts spiritual culture of mankind. It focusesgreat political and legal experience of past generations, the highlightsdirection, milestones and outcomes of previous investigators of problems of freedom,law, legislation, policies and state. This experience hassignificant impact on contemporary political and legal views.

outstanding role in the history of the formation of this experience played thinkers  Ancient Greece. They stand at the beginnings of a theoretical approach toproblems of the state, law and policy.

efforts of the Greek scholars had been making a transition frommythological perception of the world to ratsonalno-logicalway of knowing it and explain.

development of political and legal thought in ancient Greece can be divided intothree phases:

~ early period (IX - VI centuries BC) is associated with the emergence of the Greek state. During this period there was a noticeable rationalization of political and legal ideas and formed a philosophical approach to gosudarsstva and rights;

~ heyday (V - the first half of IV century BC) - this is the heyday of ancient Greek philosophical and politicallegal thought;

~ Hellenistic period (second half of the IV - II century AD until ordered last time) - time began the decline of the Greek state, no body Greek states under the authority of Macedonia and Rome.

Let us dwell on Each of these periods.

At the early stage of its development outlook of the ancient peoples of the worldare mythological character. In these times of political and legalviews are not in a separate area and representintegral part of the mythological worldview. In mythdominant idea of the divine origin of the existingrelations of power and order. Right and the law has not stood out in a special areastandards exist in the form of the religious aspect of the order be approved by a private,social and public life. The laws of this time is closelyintertwined mythological, religious, moral, socialpolitical points, and legislation in general is elevated to the divinesource. Laws or directly attributed to the gods, or their surrogates --rulers.

political and legal doctrines appear only during relativelyprolonged existence of early class societies and nations. Ancient mythslose their sacred character and begin to be ethical andpolitico-legal interpretation. This is particularly evident in the poems of Homer and  Hesiod. According to their interpretation, the struggle for power over the gods of the world and changesupreme gods (Uranus - CZK - Zeus) was accompanied by a change in the principles of theirboard-and-conquer, which manifested itself not only in relationsbetween the gods. but also in their relationship to people around poryadkeporyadke, formsand the rules of the earth's social life.

characteristic of the poems of Homer and Hesiod's attempts to rationalizeunderstanding of the ethical, moral and legal order in humanaffairs and otnosheniyahpoluchayut further development in the creation of the Seven Sages  Ancient Greece. They are usually seen as members Thales, Pittak, Periander, Biant,  Solon, Cleobulus and Chilo. In a brief passages (gnomes), these wiseformulated already quite rational and secular in spirit ethicaland political maxims, maksimymirskoy practical wisdom. Sagespersistently emphasized the fundamental importance of the rule of fairlaws in the polis life. Many of them were themselves active participantspolitical events, rulers and legislators, and have workedefforts to operationalize its political and legal ideals.  Compliance with laws, in their opinion - an essential feature ofwell-ordered policy. Thus nailuchshimgosudarstvennym device Biantis considered, where the citizens are afraid of the law to the same extent as they were afraid toTirana.

with the idea of the need to transform social and politico-legalorders on the philosophical foundations were made by Pythagoras, the Pythagoreans (Archytas,  Lysis, Philolaus etc.) and Heraclitus. Criticizing democracy, they justifiedaristocratic ideals of governance "best" - the mental and moralelite.

decisive role in the whole outlook of the Pythagoreans played their teachingabout numbers. The number of their ideas - this is the beginning and the essence of the world. Basedfrom this they tried to identify the numerical (mathematical) characteristics,inherent moral and politico-legal phenomena. In publicizing the problemslaw and justice, the Pythagoreans were the first to develop a theoreticalthe notion of "equality" is so essential for understanding the role of law asequal measure in the regulation of social relations.

Justice, according to the Pythagoreans, is the reward equal toequal.