3. Name the antonyms for following words.

Convenient, domestic, auxiliary motor, simplify, automated, minimize, inside, used.

4. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized words.

Common - общий элемент смысла: присущий большинству, разделяемый многими. Частотные русские эквиваленты: общий, совместный; общественный; широко

распространенный, общеизвестный, общепринятый; обыкновенный, простой и т.д.

1. The English common sense, commonplace, common noun, common man and Common Market - all have one word /in common, but their Russian equivalents are absolutely different. Can you think of good Russian equivalents if common sense is ordinary practical good sense or intelligence gained by experience, not by special study (cf. "general knowledge" which is gained by study); a common noun is a noun like "river", "city" or "boy" which may be used of any object belonging to a group or class (cf. "proper noun" like

the "Volga, London, John"); commonplace is ordinary, not new or interesting; the common man is the ordinary man, the average man; Common Market is an economic association of several West European countries. 2. It is commonly accepted that a common language is one of die principal characteristics of a nation, although it is not uncommon for two or more nations to speak the same language. 3. It is a matter of common knowledge that there is a chemical which is commonly used by both the common man and the chemist, the former

knowing it as common salt and the latter as sodium chloride.

Evidence, evident, to evidence - общий элемент смысла: свидетельство события, имевшего место ранее. Частотные русские эквиваленты: evidence - свидетельство, данные, факты, доказательства и т.д.; evident - очевидный, явный, ясный и т.д.; to evidence - свидетельствовать, показывать, служить доказательством и т.д.

1. It is evident that the evidence we possess does not support this conclusion. 2. All through the book one finds evidence of the author's deep sympathy for the reader. 3. The disagreement was evidently due to misunderstanding. 4. It is the evidence of the senses upon which both the common man and the scientist base all their conclusions. 5. The process involves violent release of oxygen as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis.

5. Read and translate the text.

It is often convenient to group motor driven auxiliaries according to their function, e.g. fuel and lubrication oil services, accommodation ventilation systems, machinery ventilation systems, and domestic service systems. The auxiliary motors would be supplied from grouped motor controllers located either in the engine room, in a machinery control room or in a convenient location close to the auxiliary motors. This can often simplify the machinery control functions and required protection systems.

On small ships, e.g. tugs, etc., such grouping is not economical and the major ship's auxiliaries are normally supplied directly from the main switchboard. In this case the motors would be provided with individual starters located adjacent to the motor. For high speed vessels where weight is important, minimum cable weight may be achieved using a “non-distributed” distribution scheme.

Auxiliary motor controls should be arranged in consideration of the general control philosophy applied to the machinery control systems. For ships that do not have automated machinery operation, the most economic method of control is to provide local starters for each auxiliary motor supplied from power panels located in the same or adjacent spaces. These motors would be manually controlled (start and stopped), locally at the motor's controller (starter). This arrangement minimizes cable costs.

When a centralized machinery control system is required, cables for the motor control functions can be installed back to the machinery control room and the starter push buttons located on a centralized machinery control console. Alternatively, the motors may be grouped together on motor control centers located inside the control room. The motor control functions can then be left on the motor's starter at the MCC or again wired back to a central control desk.

When fully automatic machinery control is required, these techniques are now in common use and micro-processor devices control the ship's machinery through video display units located in the machinery control room or on the bridge. The ship's auxiliaries are generally controlled with programmable logic controllers (plc's) installed inside the motor control centers and linked through a data bus to the machinery control location. When this type of system is used, the motor control centers can be located either together in the machinery control room or alternatively, distributed throughout the ship close to the motors being controlled.