Grammar: Non-finite form of the verb: Participle II.

The form of Participle II is regular verbs by adding –ed or –d to the Infinitive and the past participle of irregular verbs

It uses:

• As an adjective; stolen money

• To form the perfect tenses/infinitives and participles and the passive voice: he has seen, it was broken, to have loved.

• The participle II can replace a subject + passive verb as the participle I can replace subject + active form: She enters. She is accompanied by her mother./ She enters, accompanied by her mother.

Ex.5. Translate the sentences into English. Use the present participle instead of the italicized verbs.

1. Біз оған жазбахат қалдырып, саябаққа қыдыруға кеттік. 2. Ол кітапты ашып, маған асты сызылған жерді көрсетті. 2. Ол күлді де, бөлмеден шығып кетті. 4. Ол ауыр күрсінді де, өзіне екінші шыны аяқ кофе құйып алды. 5. Біз чемодандарымызды сақтау камерасында қалдырдық та, бөлме іздеуге кеттік. 6. Ол машинкамен бірдеңені баяу теріп отырды да, анда-санда менен қайсыбір сөздің қалай жазылатынын сұрап тұрды.

Ex.6. Translate the sentences from English into Kazakh.

1. Informed of the arrival of the ship, they sent a car to the port.2. She showed the travelers the room reserved for them3. Books read in childhood seem like old friends.4. The answer received from her greatly surprised us.5. The figures mentioned in his article were published in “Izvestia”.6. Having left in that town all his life, he knew it very well.

Ex.7. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Бұл анамыз жиі айтып беріп тұратын оқиғалардың бірі еді. 2. Ол кәрі адам айтып берген сол бір мұңлы оқиғаны ұмыта алмады. 3. Күткен көмек келіп болмады. 4. Мен екі жыл бұрын конференцияға қатысқан студенттердің бірімен сөйлестім. 5. Ертеректе көлге қарай апаратын жол бұл жерде әлдеқашаннан бері жоқ. 6. Маған кіреберісте отырған әйел директорды күтіп отыр деді.

Ex.8. Join each of the following sentences, using either participle I or participle II.

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.2. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.3. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.4. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.5. They found the money. They began quarreling about how to divide it.6. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.7. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.8. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it.9. I didn’t like to sit down. I knew that there were ants in the grass.10. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn’t like to go any further without a light.

Ex.9. Put in the verbs in brackets as Past Participle into the gaps. Example: _______ politicians (shock). Answer: shocked politicians

1) …………watches (repair)

2) …………computers (steal)

3) …………..fans (fascinate)

4) …………..students (bore)

5) …………boys (confuse)

6) ……….umbrellas (forget)

7) …………girls (disappoint)

8) ………….comics (swap)

9) ……….doctors (worry)

10) ………..queens (amuse)

Ex. 10. Put in the verbs in brackets as participles present participle or past participle into the gaps. Example: I talked to the man _______ the newspaper. Answer: I talked to the man reading the newspaper.

1) He saw his friend ………(go) out with Sue.

2) The bus crashed into the blue car ………(drive) down the hill.

3) Peter hurt his leg …….(do) karate.

4) The umbrella ………(find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.

5) The people ………(dance) in the street are all very friendly.

6) I heard my mother ……….(talk) on the phone.

7) My uncle always has his car ……..(wash).

8) We stood ………..(wait) for the taxi.

9) ……… (look) down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.

10) The people drove off in a ……….(steal) car.

UNIT 7

PROBLEMS OF YOUTH

Text: American youth.

Grammar: Conjunctions.

American Youth.

What is it like to be a young person in the United States?

At 18 years of age, young people in the United States can take on most of the rights and the responsibilities of adulthood. Psychologists say that most young people experience conflict during this period of their lives.

To some observers, teens today may seem spoiled (undisciplined and egocentric) compared to those of earlier types. The reality, however, is different. Changing family conditions, mobility of families and unemployment are just a few reasons why some young people try to escape reality by turning to alcohol or drugs. However, most young people in the United States do not have problems with drinking, drug abuse, teen pregnancies or juvenile delinquency. Drug use has decreased among young people within the last 10 years, though alcohol abuse has increased.

Many young Americans are joining organizations to help teenagers stop drinking and driving. 1000 of teenagers have joined Students Against Driving Drunk (SADD). They sign contracts in which they and their parents pledge not to drive after drinking. Young people with drug problems can also call special telephone numbers to ask for help.

Aside from drug abuse, another problem of America’s youth is pregnancy among young women. The numbers of sexually active teens also increased. Many community programs help cut down on the numbers of teenage pregnancies. Some programs rely on strong counseling against premarital sex and others provide contraceptive counseling.

About one million young people run away from home each year. Most return after a few days or a few weeks, but a few turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents. In 1989, approximately one-third on those arrested for serious crimes were under 18 years of age. Among the causes are poor family relationships, bad neighborhood conditions, peer pressure and sometimes, drug addiction.

Laws vary from state to state regarding juvenile delinquents. Once arrested, a juvenile must appear in a juvenile court. Juvenile courts often give lighter punishments to young people than to adults who commit the same crime.