Grammar: Adverbs.

Kinds of adverbs:

Manner: bravely, fast, happily, hard, well

Place: by, down, here, near, there, up

Frequency: always, never, occasionally, often, twice

Sentence: certainly, definitely, luckily, surely

Degree: fairly, hardly, rather, quite, too, very

Interrogative: when, where, why

Relative: when, where, why

Form and use.

The formation of adverbs with -ly

• Many adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding to the corresponding adjectives:

final, finally slow, slowly

note that the adverb of good is well.

• Adjectives ending in -ly

daily, weekly, monthly, kindly and sometimes leisurely can be adjectives or adverbs, but most other adjectives ending in -ly, e.g. friendly, likely, lonely etc., cannot be used as adverbs and have no adverb form. To supply this deficiency we use a similar adverb or adverb phrase:

likely (adjective) probably (adverb)

friendly (adjective) in a friendly way (adverb phrase)

• Some adverbs have a narrower meaning that their corresponding adjectives or differ from them.

Coldly, coolly, hotly, warmly are used mainly of feelings:

We received them coldly.

They defined the accusation hotly.

Ex.5. Say whether the word in italics type is an adjective or an adverb.

1. The task was so easy that we did not need time to get prepared. 2. I could do it easily if I had the time. 3. He spoke loudly. 4. We heard a loud noise in the street. 5. We went straight to the city without stopping anywhere. 6. He looked at us with a perfectly straight face. 7. You would play better if you had a better instrument. 8. They have very little space for the garden. 9. He works more and better than he used to. 10. She is singing worse than usual.

Ex.6. Form adverbs from the given adjectives and nouns and make up your own sentences.

Sweet, careful, real, slow, usual, day, calm, stupid, heroic, firm, loud, happy, safe, dry, gradual, soft, brave, hour.

Ex.7. Change the italicized noun into a verb and the italicized adjective into an adverb.

Example: His answer was very quick. - He answered very quickly.

1. They gave a beautiful performance. 2. She gave me a formal answer. 3. His was a heroic action. 4. He gave an accurate description of the incident. 5. We heard their happy laugh in the room. 6. The actors got a warm greeting from the audience.

Ex.8. Translate into English, paying your attention to the italicized words. Choose the right word in the brackets.

1. Сіз соңғы уақытта сабақты көп босатасыз. Олар кеш жатады. Өткен жылы күз жай түсті. (late, lately)

2. Қалай да бір нәрсе дұрыс болмады. Ол басқа телефон нөмірін терді. Ол қате жауап берді. Ол қате істеді.(wrong, wrongly)

3. Біз бір-бірімізді онша танымаймыз. Олар табанды түрде еңбектенді. Ол қажырлы жұмыскер. (hard, hardly)

4. Бір пойызға кешігіп қала жаздадық. Біздің үйіміздің жанында шағын көл бар. Ол Таяу Шығыстың тарихымен айналысатын. (near, nearly)

Ex.9. Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb like in the example. Example: Peter works ______ (slow). Answer: Peter works slowly.

1) He …..reads a book. (quick)

2) Mandy is a …..girl. (pretty)

3) The class is …..loud today. (terrible)

4) Max is a …..singer. (good)

5) You can …..open this tin. (easy)

6) It's a …..day today. (terrible)

7) She sings the song ……. (good)

8) He is a ……driver. (careful)

9) He drives the car …….. (careful)

10) The dog barks …….. (loud)

Ex.10. Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb like in the example. Example: Peter works ______ (slow). Answer: Peter works slowly.

1) The bus driver was …….injured. (serious)

2) Kevin is …….clever. (extreme)

3) This hamburger tastes ………. (awful)

4) Be …….with this glass of milk. It's hot. (careful)

5) Robin looks ……. What's the matter with him? (sad)

6) Jack is …..upset about losing his keys. (terrible)

7) This steak smells ……. (good)

8) Our basketball team played ……last Friday. (bad)

9) Don't speak so …….. I can't understand you. (fast)

10) Maria …….opened her present. (slow)

Ex.11. Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its correct position.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often). Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays.

1) He listens to the radio. (often)

2) They read a book. (sometimes)

3) Pete gets angry. (never)

4) Tom is very friendly. (usually)

5) I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)

6) Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often)

7) My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always)

8) Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually)

9) They watch TV in the afternoon. (never)

10) Christine smokes. (never)

Ex.12. Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its correct position.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often). Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays.

1) Have you been to London? (ever)

2) Peter doesn't get up before seven. (usually)

3) Our friends must write tests. (often)

4) They go swimming in the lake. (sometimes)

5) The weather is bad in November. (always)

6) Peggy and Frank are late. (usually)

7) I have met him before. (never)

8) John watches TV. (seldom)

9) I was in contact with my sister. (often)

10) She will love him. (always)

UNIT 7

DWELLING (II)

Grammar: The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

1. A View of the Dunes’ House

The Dunes' House was sixteen miles outside of Burlington, a narrow road was the only access to the property. We took a bus to get there. The bus turned off the main road before we reached the road to the Dunes' home, so we had to walk the last two miles. We stopped at the gate to the private road leading up to the Dunes' home. We sat on the rock and surveyed the peaceful surroundings. This place was so quiet, so beautiful.

We turned up the drive and slowly climbed what we hoped would be the last mile to the house. Soon we were out of the forest and came into a clearing, so we could see the house across a broad expanse of lawn. It was an unusual house for the area. Instead of being one story high and spread out across the lawn, this one was compact and rose like a tower on the hill. From the windows you must have a view of the entire valley.

It was a two-storied building with an attic. Its brick walls were plastered and whitewashed. It had a red tile roof and a deep veranda which ran along its front. There was a gravelled driveway to a two-car garage which was to the right of the house. One could see a wonderful orchard with blossoming apple-trees and a small vegetable garden near the house.

Nobody was in sight. So we climbed the low concrete steps and rang the entrance door bell.