Grammar: The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

It is formed from the Infinitive without the particle “to”.

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
I work	I do not work	Do I work?
He works	He does not work	Does he work?
She works	She does not work	Does she work?
It works	It does not work	Does it work?
We work	We do not work	Do we work?
You work	You do not work	Do you work?
They work	They do not work	Do they work?

The Present Indefinite (Simple) may denote.

• a permanent action (a fact):

She speaks English. They live in France.

• the general truth:

The Earth rotates round its axes.

Vegetables grow well in this climate.

• a repeated, customary action:

The Browns go to the seaside every summer.

We write two tests each term.

• a future action if planned beforehand:

The train leaves at 10 tomorrow.

Ex.5. Answer the following questions according to the example:

Example: What does a driver do? - He drives.

What do drivers do? - They drive.

1. What does a singer do? 2. What does a runner do? 3. What do students do? 4. What does a dancer do? 5. What do cooks do? 6. What do dancers do? 7. What does a painter do? 8. What does a typist do? 9. What do writers do?

Ex.6. Write the following sentences in the 3^rd person singular.

1. I think I am ill. 2. They often visit their granny. 3. We live in Leeds. 4. You usually speak too quickly.5. Do you like boiled potatoes? 6. Good animals always obey their masters.7. His dogs always attack the neighbors.

Ex.7. Translate the sentences into English using the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. Мен, әдетте, үй жұмысын кешке жасаймын.

2. Менің досым Солтүстікте тұрады.

3. Менің сіңлім медициналық колледжде оқиды.

4. Ол Мәскеуге келген сайын бізге келіп кетеді.

5. ”Сіз үйіңізге жеткенше қанша уақыт кетеді?” - “Негізінен, үйге дейін отыз минут кетеді.”

6. Ол енді сирек саяхат жасайды.

7. Мен француз тілін оқымаймын, мен неміс тілін оқимын.

Ex.8. Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Present in the statements.

Example: I _____ in the lake. (to swim). Answer: I swim in the lake.

1) We ….our dog. (to call)

2) Emma …..in the lessons. (to dream)

3) They ……at birds. (to look)

4) John …..home from school. (to come)

5) I ……my friends. (to meet)

6) He ……the laptop. (to repair)

7) Walter and Frank ……hello. (to say)

8) The cat …….under the tree. (to sit)

9) You ……water. (to drink)

10) She ……the lunchbox. (to forget)

Ex.9. Complete the sentences like in the example. Use the long form of the auxiliary. Example: Jane ___________ a book. (not/to read). Answer: Jane (does not read) a book.

1) Tom ……stamps. (not/to collect)

2) You ……..songs in the bathroom. (not/to sing)

3) Julie ……in the garden. (not/to work)

4) I ……at home. (not/to sit)

5) Tina and Kate …….the windows. (not/to open)

6) Adam …….French. (not/to speak)

7) His sister …….lemonade. (not/to like)

8) We ……to music. (not/to listen)

9) My father ……the car every Saturday. (not/to clean)

10) Johnny and Danny ……..in the lake. (not/to swim)

Ex.10. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Simple Present. Watch the punctuation and form sentences or questions. Example: He ___________ books (not/to read). Answer: He does not read books. or He doesn't read books.

1) Anne …….my questions. (not/to answer)

2) ……..they ……..tomatoes in this shop? (to sell)

3) This girl ……..trousers at school. (not/to wear)

4) …….Mr Barker …….Physics? (to teach)

5) The guinea pigs ……under the desk. (not/to hide)

6) …….Ken often …….the school bus? (to miss)

7) The poster …….on the wall anymore. (not/to hang)

8) ……..for the tickets? (you/to pay)

9) The boys …….stones. (not/to throw)

10) ……the bells of your church still ……..? (to ring)

UNIT 8

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Text: This Fragile Planet.

Grammar: The Present Continuous Tense.

This Fragile Planet

The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil on which we stand and walk, the water we drink are all parts of the environment. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve environmental problems that endanger people's lives. The most serious environmental problems are:

- pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);

- noise from cars, buses, planes;

- destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;

- shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel);

- the growth of pollution.

Water pollution. How awful it is to live without water. There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because some governments test nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can not live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die.

Air pollution. When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses. More and more people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Both clean water and clean air are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That's why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.