- •The tourist industry
- •2. Find in the text answers to these questions:
- •3. Say what you've learned from the text about:
- •Basic Definitions in Tourism
- •Regulation, research and development in tourism
- •Overseas markets
- •The environmental tourist.
- •Does tourism ruin everything that it touches?
- •Tourist promotion
- •Promotional tools
- •Tourist attractions and entertainment
- •Careers in tourism
- •Task 3. Read a passage from the book by V. R. Collins "Working in Tourism" and discuss it.
- •Tour operators
- •Tour operators
- •Tourism and transportation
- •The hotel trade in the world Part 1
- •Air transport and tourism
- •Text 16. Problems of equipment ani) infrastructure associated with international tourism development
- •Types of accommodation
- •Explanatory dictionary
- •2.Hotel service ( Обслуговування в готелях).
- •3. General terms and notions (Загальні терміни та поняття)
- •4. Catering. Decryption of contractions. (Харчування в готелі. Розшифровки скорочень)
- •5. Hotel accommodations. (Розміщення в готелі. Терміни, що вживаються для опису типів та категорій номерів в готелях).
- •6.Types of holiday ( Типи відпочинку)
- •7.Tourism ( Туризм)
- •8.Tourist Accommodation ???????
- •9. The tourist industry (Туристична індустрія)
- •10.People who work ( Працівники)
- •11.Positive aspects of work ( Позитивні сторони роботи)
- •11.Negative aspects of work (Негативні сторони роботи).
- •13.Time when you are working ( Робочий час)
Air transport and tourism
The different modes of transport are significant to the growth of international tourism. The cost of transport often determines the total cost of tourism products and directly influences the choice of tourism destination. Air transport has contributed to the creation of new tourism markets far from tourist-generating countries which are not accessible either by road or by sea. The air transport industry occupies an important part of the tourism industry and the world economy. In recent years, air transport contributed $700 billion to the world economy and the industry employed 21 mln. people worldwide. Despite a very rapid growth rate, higher than the world's GNP growth rate, international air transport is a different industry to manage, and both business and leisure traffic are susceptible to economic crises. Three conditions characterised air transport in the 1990s: an exceptional growth, increasingly competitive market and extreme vulnerability to international economic and political crises.
Exceptional growth.
The growth of the air transport sector has been more than 6 per cent annually since the 1970s. However, this growth has been geographically concentrated in the industrialised regions and in the nearly industrialised countries. Third World countries, particularly the least advanced ones, are not included in the main international air transport routes.
Intense competition.
The intense competition in the air transport industry causes difficulties in the management of active companies, even during periods of high demand. The worldwide policy of deregulation, following the experience of the USA, has transformed the market by creating competition between the carriers. This development has proved beneficial to the consumer and has resulted in a restricting of airlines.
Vulnerability.
Vulnerability to economic and international political shifts is the third feature of the air transport industry. The Gulf crisis and the economic recession at the beginning of the 1990s resulted in a decline in air traffic.
In fact, according to statistics compiled by the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation), world airline traffic fell by 3.5 percent. The industry was particularly unstable throughout the 1980s; consequently, several major airline companies have disappeared, including the American companies Pan Am and Eastern.
The demand for air transport increased considerably with the introduction of the first jet aircraft. Since 1950, passenger receipts from commercial aviation have multiplied 60 times, a much greater growth rate than that of other modes of transport. This also implies a change in the travel pattern of tourists.
The economic analysis of passenger traffic and freight traffic reveals that their exceptional growth can be attributed to the elasticity of demand with respect to price. The fare structures adopted by airline companies prove that there is a strong price elasticity for leisure travel demand and weak price elasticity for business, and, to a lesser extent, personal travel demand.