- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 1. Decide what parts of speech these words belong to and translate:
- •Exercise 2. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 3. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations and make up the sentences of your own with them:
- •Exercise 5. Match the word with its definition:
- •Exercise 6. Find the derivatives from the words and translate the text: hobby, regular, to manufacture, to win, to participate, original.
- •Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with the word in the right form. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 8. Translate the word-combinations:
- •I. Gerund
- •Exercise 9. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 10. Find the sentences with Gerund and translate them:
- •Exercise 11. Find and translate sentences with Gerund in the text:
- •Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets in the form of Gerund:
- •Exercise 13. Complete the sentences with Gerund. Use the verbs from your active vocabulary where possible:
- •Exercise 14. Translate English proverbs and sayings and give equivalents if possible:
- •Exercise 15. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 18. Compose sentences according to the model:
- •Exercise 19. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 1. Think over the answers to the following questions:
- •Task 2. Read an translate the text:
- •Task 3. Answer the questions using the information you have learnt from the text:
- •Task 4. Discuss the problems:
- •Task 5. Make possible word-combinations which can be ab or ba. For example exhaust gases or road safety:
- •Task 6. Write questions to the answers:
- •Task 7. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Read do's and don'ts of safe driving again. Make a summary of them without looking into the text.
- •1. Translate the word-combinations to understand the text:
- •2. Skim the text and find the answers to the questions after it:
- •3. Find the key sentences and speak on the text.
- •1. Read the text:
- •2. Make a short report on the necessity to avoid using alcohol while driving.
- •Task 1. Open the brackets and put the word in the right form: Some interesting facts about the car-making process
- •Outstanding people
- •Listen to the dialogue twice and reproduce it.
- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 5. Choose the right word for each sentence:
- •Exercise 6. Translate the word-combinations:
- •I. Infinitive
- •Exercise 7. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences with your own ideas according to the models:
- •Exercise 9. Translate the word-combinations:
- •Exercise 10. Translate the sentences:
- •II. Complex Object
- •Exercise 11. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 12. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 3. Read and translate the text:
- •Task 4.Write the nouns in the correct column in the table. Translate them:
- •Task 5. Answer the questions concerning each of the three groups of means of transportation:
- •Task 6. Translate the phrases in brackets using Complex Object:
- •Task 7. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 10. You are going to travel around the world. Get divided into groups of three and give arguments in favour of the kind of transportation you have chosen to travel by.
- •1. Look through the text and arrange the parts of the text in the chronological order:
- •2. Find the key sentences and speak on the text.
- •1. Read the text. Are the statements below true or false?
- •2. Give a brief outline of the problems in modern transportation and ways to solve these problems.
- •Improving london
- •1. Listen and choose the best answer to the questions:
- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 3. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations:
- •Exercise 5. Match the words to their definitions. Translate them:
- •Exercise 6. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •Exercise 7. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 8. Transform the sentences according to the model:
- •Exercise 9. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks with Future Simple, Future Progressive and Future Perfect:
- •Exercise 11. Compose sentences with different time signals. Use the active vocabulary:
- •Exercise 12. Translate into English. Put different types of questions to the sentences:
- •Task 1. Think over the answers to the following questions:
- •Task 2. Read and translate the text.
- •Task 3. Say whether the statements are true or false:
- •Task 4. Find the right answer:
- •Task 5. Complete the sentences with the information from the text:
- •Task 6. Make up sentences:
- •Task 7. Choose the right form of the verb:
- •Task 8. Translate the sentences using Complex Object, Future Perfect and Perfect Progressive.
- •Task 9. You are walking along the street with small children. Children always put a lot of questions. They ask you “What were the first roads like?” Having read the text you can tell a lot about this.
- •1. Look through the text and choose the titles given below corresponding to the content of each passage of the text.
- •Supplementary vocabulary:
- •2. Here are the definitions of some words from the text. Find these words:
- •3. Summarize the text to produce a short report on road construction.
- •1. Skim the text to outline the main stages of history of asphalt:
- •2. Put the questions to the answers:
- •1. Mind some special terms to understand the text properly:
- •2. Read the text and match the type of the bridge with one of the features given below:
- •Listen to the text and think of some other outstanding people in the history of road construction.
- •Do you know that …
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 3. Match an opposite to the first word of the line:
- •Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations:
- •Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the right verb from the box in the correct form:
- •Exercise 6. Translate the word-combinations:
- •Exercise 7. Translate chains of words:
- •I. Subjunctive mood
- •Exercise 8. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 9. Match a line in a to a line in b:
- •Exercise 10. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form:
- •Exercise 11. Rewrite these sentences using sentences of unreal condition:
- •Exercise 12. Restore the questions and answer them:
- •Exercise 13. Complete these sentences using Active Vocabulary:
- •Exercise 14. All people have dreams. Tell other students about your dreams and desires:
- •Exercise 15. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 4. Give definitions of the following:
- •Task 5. Here are the answers to some questions on computers. Write the questions:
- •2. What are the advantages of the portable computer? Name as many as you can.
- •1. Skim the text and get ready to discuss the main stages of the development of the computer:
- •5. Imagine one day of your life in 5 years. How will automatic ma-chines help you to live through this day? Write a composition of 10-15 sentences.
- •Translate the questions given above into English (in the written form) and ask your partners.
- •It’s interesting to read …
- •Listen to Tapescript 8 and complete each sentence:
- •Do you know that …
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivates:
- •Exercise 2. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 4. Translate the word combinations:
- •Exercise 5. Read the formulae and match them to their English equivalents:
- •Exercise 6. Study Fig. 9.1. Find out the sources of:
- •Exercise7. Answer the questions making use of the following words and word combinations. Study Fig. 9.1, Fig. 9.3:
- •Exercise 8. Study Fig. 9.2 and speak on how mercury reaches people. Use the verbs:
- •I. Subjunctive mood Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with adverbs from the box; ask and answer the questions on the information:
- •Exercise 10. Translate the sentences given after the tables:
- •Exercise 11. Match a line in a with a line in b to make statements:
- •Exercise 12. Make unreal conditional sentences for the following situations:
- •Exercise 13. Complete the sentences using the Active Vocabulary of the lesson:
- •Exercise 14. Find and correct one mistake in each sentence:
- •Exercise 15. Decide what parts of speech are words in bold type. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 1. Give your opinion on the following:
- •Task 2. Look through the text and divide it into five parts. Give titles to each part. Task 3. Read and translate the text:
- •Task 4. Answer the questions:
- •Task 5. Make word-combinations. Match nouns to verbs (a) and adjectives to nouns (b):
- •Task 6. Decide which words do not go along with these key words:
- •Task 7. Speak on the harm done to the environment . Use the table:
- •Task 8. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box to complete the sentences:
- •2. Here are the answers to some questions. Work out the questions:
- •3. Continue the list of causes of environmental pollution and explain the ways in which people pollute their surroundings:
- •2. Skim the text and check your answers:
- •1. Before reading the text, fill in the following table:
- •2. Look through the text and give your opinion on the following:
- •Listen to Tapescript 9 and do the following tasks:
- •I. Say what the following numbers refer to:
- •II. Choose the right ending to each sentence below:
- •Do you know that …
- •Active vocabulary
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Translate the word combinations:
- •Exercise 3. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 4. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 6. Translate into English to parts in brackets to complete the sentences:
- •Task 4. Answer the questions:
- •Task 5. Mind the following abbreviations of electronic correspondence:
- •Task 6. Translate the word combinations:
- •Task 7. There is an example of one type of messages. Read and translate it, answer the questions given after the message:
- •Task 8. Below are 3 messages. Write them in the form of fax or e-mail:
- •Task 9. Look through the following fax. This is an example of an informal message. Translate it:
- •Task 10. Fax your own messages on:
- •Task 11. Translate the sentences:
- •1. Restore the questions, concerning your c.V. (Resumé) and answer them:
- •2. Before reading text 10 b give your opinion on:
- •3. Read, translate and memorize the recommendations concerning resumé:
- •4. Look through the layouts of cv (1), cv (2) and resumé (3). Find their common features:
- •5. Interview an applicant. You want to begin with the questions about:
- •9. Translate the sentences:
- •10. This is a sample covering letter (or a letter of interest). Read, translate and write your own covering letter and a resumé:
- •1. Think of the answers to the following questions:
- •2. Skim the text:
- •II. The Functional Resumé.
- •4. Compare two tables with salutations and complimentary closes of different letters in British English and American English. Remember the differences:
- •5. Look through the structure of the following business letters and indicate the following parts: the letter-head, references, per pro, company position enclosure. Translate the letter:
- •6. Compose your own business letter.
- •8.Translate into English.
- •9. You want to continue your education abroad (choose any country, college or University). Write your own covering letter for this purpose.
- •In respect of/to-
- •Підрядні додаткові речення: that (щоб, що), whether, if (якщо, якби) Підрядні речення часу:
- •Умовні підрядні речення
Task 3. Answer the questions using the information you have learnt from the text:
What countries have the most automobiles?
Why do some people yearn for the old days before the automobile?
Why do developing nations seek to set up an automotive industry?
What was the first electric car like?
Who developed the first successful four-stroke gasoline engine?
What place is considered the Automobile Capital of the world?
What helped make cars safer, more comfortable and easy to operate?
What businesses relate to automobile industry?
How does automobile industry aid to many countries' economy?
What are the main activities in automobile business?
Task 4. Discuss the problems:
How has the car altered our lives? Do you agree with these advantages?
Which reason do you consider the most important and vital one?
Values: mobility, increased tourism, medical care and emergency services more readily available, increase of social contacts, means of transport, large number of jobs directly related to car industry. (Take some other reasons from the text)
Drawbacks: prestige and material status derived from car ownership, loss of life caused by car accidents, land usage for road building, depletion of fuel reserves, air pollution. (Think of some other from the text).
Task 5. Make possible word-combinations which can be ab or ba. For example exhaust gases or road safety:
A |
B |
exhaust safety steering air station |
service gases pollution fumes pipes belts filling repair wheel system wave traffic rules road |
Task 6. Write questions to the answers:
Because people can travel to and from work, visit friends, relatives etc.
Car accidents exhaust fumes, kill and injure people, foul the air.
It can stimulate economic growth.
They damaged roads and sometimes blew up.
In 1891.
It was Etienne Lenoir.
Until 1900 it was Europe.
It was the moving assembly line that tripled the production.
It provides millions of jobs worldwide.
More than 100 countries.
Task 7. Translate the sentences:
Засобами транспорту можуть бути не тільки легкові автомобілі, але і легкі вантажівки.
Таке щільне прямування машин заповнює вулиці, що часом неможливо перейти дорогу.
Раніш люди мріяли хоча б про безкінний екіпаж, а тепер уже мріють про найвищі швидкості.
Щоб рахуватися гарним водієм, треба не просто уміти водить машину, але і бути дуже відповідальною людиною.
Вихлопні гази сильніше забруднюють атмосферу, ніж промисловий дим.
Виробництво дешевої енергії - це те, без чого неможливо уявити розвинуту промисловість.
Правила безпеки існують не тільки для водіїв, але і для пасажирів і пішоходів.
Нарешті, складальна лінія заводу була відрегульована і можна було запускати виробництво в повну силу.
Забезпечення і постачання матеріалами було налагоджено бездоганно.
Великий діапазон фірм-виробників був представлений на виставці мотоциклів.
Task 8. Give your ideas on:
1. The perspective of automobile transport.
2. The development of automobile industry in Ukraine.
Text 5 B
1. Here are some principles of safe driving. Complete the list with your own ideas:
fastening safety belts.
obeying all traffic regulations.
driving at a safe speed.
…
…
…
…
2. Discuss the problems of:
a. necessity to obey traffic rules;
b. danger of aggressive behaviour.
3. Skim the text and prove your ideas with the statement from the text.
Driving safely
Each year, motor vehicle accidents kill an estimated 300,000 people throughout the world. Almost every accident results from one or more of these three factors: the driver, the car and the road. The same three factors contribute to accident prevention.
The automobile itself has become safer over the years because of advances in its design and manufacture. The standards to prevent accidents involve the installation of government-specified lights, reflectors, brakes, tires, windows, windshield wipers and defrosters, and dashboard controls. Standards to protect car occupants include the installation of automatic seat belts or airbags, head restraints, and bumper systems. Seat belts – when used – are probably the main safety equipment. A driver must not assume that the engine, brakes, lights, and steering system always operate properly. All equipment should be tested frequently.
Modern road-building techniques also lower the risk of automobile accidents.
Most people find it easy to drive a car. But operating an automobile is a complicated and demanding task – and driving safely is not easy.
Most automobile accidents involve drivers who violate traffic laws, lack good driving skills, ignore or are unaware of the rules of safe driving. For that reason a driver must be granted a licence to operate a car only after that person has passed a series of tests, including a road sign test, vision test, road rules test and driving test. State driver's licence bureaus stress that a driver's licence is a privilege, not a right. Careless, unsafe drivers who break traffic laws risk losing their licences.
Operating a car involves certain responsibilities to oneself and to others. First of all, a driver must be continuously alert while making a variety of maneuvers, such as speeding up, slowing down, changing lanes, turning and stopping. At the same time, the driver must be aware of other motor vehicles (including motor cycles), pedestrians, bicyclist, various road signs and road hazards. Decisions must be made quickly and correctly. Drowsiness or illness slows a driver's ability to react rapidly to changes in traffic conditions. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is especially dangerous.
A good driver concentrates on only one thing while driving – the driving itself. A good driver also has the proper attitude, which means a willingness to share the road with others and a desire to obey traffic laws. Aggressive behaviour – driving too fast, following another vehicle too closely, or rapid lane changes – may cause a driver to lose control of the car or provoke angry reactions in other motorists. A courteous driver is likely to be a safe driver. Finally, drivers have the responsibility to see that their cars are properly maintained.
Here are some do's and don'ts of safe driving.
Do's:
Fasten your safety belts snugly before starting the engine.
Drive defensively - always think ahead.
Obey all traffic regulations.
Drive at a safe speed.
Reduce speed at night, in bad weather, in heavy traffic.
Yield the road to emergency vehicles that flash a light or sound a siren.
Drive in a passing lane only when passing.
Allow vehicles behind you to pass when the drivers indicate they want to do so and the conditions are favourable.
Signal by hand or light your intention to turn, pass or change lanes.
Be careful at the intersections.
Don'ts:
Never pass a car unless you have plenty of open road ahead.
Never pass a stopped bus without taking precautions.
Never park with any part of your car in a driving lane.
Never coast with gears in neutral.
Never weave from lane to lane in traffic.
Never cut across a curve.
Never drive past a STOP sign without stopping even there is no traffic.
Never pull into traffic until your car's engine runs smoothly.
Never park a car facing traffic. It confuses other drivers, especially at night and is illegal in most places.
Never drive with your bright lights on when other cars are approaching, or when following another car.