Addictive disorders Unit 1. Smoking, New Attitude Key Vocabulary List

addict, addiction, to be / get addicted to smth

addictive, addictive disorders, addictive drugs, addictive substances

substance abuse, glue sniffing

to relate to smth;

diseases, drug-related / smoke-related / alcohol-related diseases

to be prone to respiratory diseases

to impede child development

to smoke in the workplace / on the job / off the job

per capita (cigarette) consumption,

teenage / women / men smoking rate

cigarette vending machines, cigarette brands, brand names of cigarettes

to ban cigarette sales to minors, to introduce the ban on smoking, to prohibit/ban smoking on the company premises, to ban tobacco advertising on billboards

to halt the growth in tobacco use among minors

to penalize, penalty, to stiffen penalties, to fine

to reduce tobacco use, to cut down smoking, to establish non-smoking areas

to test for drugs/ for substances, to screen for nicotine

to be a heavy smoker/ a chain smoker

to be exposed to second-hand smoking

to put out a cigarette, to light (up) a cigarette, a cigarette lighter

to be on an increase, to increase / rise / grow by 5 per cent

decrease / fall / decline in smth; a 5 per cent decrease

rise / increase in smth, twofold / threefold / fourfold increase in smth

to double, to triple

to cause high absenteeism / productivity losses, to impair productivity, to be less productive, poor performance at work

to turn away applicants, to discriminate against smokers

to disseminate information

effective / ineffective measures

to take up the habit, to break the habit

to give up / quit smoking

to adopt male working patterns / male patterns of behaviour

to target, to be targeted at smb

to be / get hooked on smth

mood swings, behaving out of character

to tackle a problem

to carry health warnings, to place health warnings on cigarette packages

to highlight smth, to be highlighted

to change drastically / dramatically

discrimination on the basis of national origin, race, religion, sex or age

Text A

Addictive Disorders

Addiction does not, as is commonly thought, relate only to drugs (heroin, crack, LSD, marijuana). For instance, in Great Britain alcohol probably causes over 40,000 deaths a year and tobacco up to 100,000 deaths. Other forms of addiction include reliance on coffee, sweets, tranquillizers and sleeping tablets. The nature of the addiction is often linked to cultural factors, e.g. cannabis is considered “normal” among Rastafarians, while alcohol is prohibited among the Muslim community. It is clear that whatever the form of addiction, be it coffee or heroin, there appears to be a general increase in the problem in society and that many school and health authorities are increasingly disturbed by the younger age groups that appear to be using hard drugs. It is important to realize that human beings are creatures of habit and addiction may be an exaggeration of a normal habit pattern. Often people will become addicted without having a wish to become so. They may be prescribed addictive drugs and then find it difficult to stop taking them. Addiction may be chemical, i.e. the body requires a drug such as caffeine, alcohol, heroin, valium, to function. Often the body develops a level of tolerance to the drug and a higher dose may be necessary to produce the same effect.

Physical signs and symptoms will depend on the nature and type of addiction and the stage which the addict has reached. General symptoms may include mood swings, behaving out of character, irritability, lack of sleep, unreliability, poor performance at work or frequent illness, neglecting food, change in appearance. Probably the most important step for any addict is to acknowledge the problem, because without doing so, treatment is of little value. This is where friends, or a doctor, may be of help.

Text B