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6.2.1. Answer the following questions:

  1. Why were Russian import procedures given bottom marks by western financial analysts?

  2. What are the roots of the customs problem in Russia?

  3. What is "air express"? Has Russian Customs Service officially recognized this concept yet?

  4. How are rules and procedures interpreted among different customs officials in Russia?

  5. What do we understand under "fast track" clearance?

  6. Please list all the recommendations made by western analysts for the Russian Customs code review.

  7. What four simplified customs categories should be introduced for express shipments?

6.2.2. Write an abstract of the text.

15. Past Perfect

The Past Perfect tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.

We use the past perfect to show that an action had already finished before something in the past:

 He had written a letter before I came home

or by the moment in the past:

 We had already planted a flower by eight o’clock yesterday

Form:

[subject] + had + [verb 3]

[subject] + had + not + [verb 3]

Had + [subject] + [verb 3]?

Exercises:

15.1. Put the verbs into correct form:

- ___ you ___ since the last year? (to visit)

- ___ she ___ before she was invited to that studio? (to act)

- Mum ___ a birthday cake before all the guests came. (to cook)

- We ___ home before it started to rain. (to come)

- Until the sun disappeared they ___. (to walk)

- By 5 o’clock yesterday Tom ___ Mary. (to meet)

- Students ___ all marks by the end of the year. (to know)

15.2. Make up negative sentences:

- She ___ all cups before he husband came home. (to wash)

-I ___ my dog until it was washed. (to feed)

- They ___ each other since they studied at scool. (to see)

- Mary was’nt at the office, she ___ away. (to go)

15.3. Complete these questions:

- Why ___ he ___ the party before it ended? (to leave)

- ___ they ___ about it? (to know)

- How offen ___ you ___ until the autumn started? (to swim)

- ___ you ___ since the last year? (to visit)

- ___ she ___ before she was invited to that studio? (to act)

Unit 13. Customs urges cbr to liberalize currency cash flow through border

6.3. Translate the following newspaper article in the written form. Customs Urges cbr to Liberalize Currency Cash Flow Through Border

Russia's State Customs Committee urged the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) to allow the liberalization of foreign currency cash flow through the customs border. The committee planned to allow up to USD 10,000 in cash to be brought in and taken out of the country without declaration, as is the case in many other countries.

The new procedures are expected to simplify customs regulations and reduce violations of the law to minimum.

Russian citizens are now only allowed to take USD 1,500 in cash out of the country without declaring it, while special permission is needed for larger amounts. Meanwhile, foreigners can take out of Russia only the amount of foreign currency in cash they declared when entering the country.

The new Customs Code is expected to significantly simplify customs procedures in Russia.

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