- •Предисловие
- •Библиография и источники
- •Благодарность
- •Методическая записка
- •In this module we will consider major economic systems.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text in English.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the texts in English.
- •5.Translate the following texts into Russian.
- •In Part 1 we are going to brainstorm, discuss ideas at a round table and hold a panel discussion.
- •1.3. Brainstorm concepts and symbols of the command economy.
- •1.4. Brainstorm ideas on the role of banks in economy.
- •1.5. Discussion formats: round table and panel discussion
- •1.6. Hold a round table discussion on types of economic systems.
- •1.7. Organize a round table discussion, comparing market economy and mixed economy.
- •1.8. Have a panel discussion of the financial system of Russia. Invite guests to act as your audience.
- •In Part 1 we will study how to write an outline for essay.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4. A. Give the gist of the definitions below in English.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text in English.
- •2.15. Types of Paragraphs
- •2.16. Descriptive exercise
- •2.17. Comparison exercise
- •In the paragraph fill in an appropriate conjunction from those shown below.
- •In this module we will concentrate on the issues of the cycle nature of economic development.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word/ phrase with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text into English.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text in English.
- •3.10. Look through the list. Decide which of the steps are the most essential.
- •3.11. Making a presentation – step by step.
- •3.12. Presentation slides and commentary.
- •3.13. Make slides and commentaries to slides based on Texts Nos. 1, 5 and 6 in accordance with the pattern given in 4.6.
- •In Part 3 we will proceed with essay-writing.
- •3.14. Read the text describing the structure of essays.
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text in English.
- •Currency board
- •1.Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the active vocabulary.
- •2.Match each word with its translation.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4.Render the text in English.
- •In Part 4 we will proceed with presentation skills and public speaking skills.
- •4.3. Prepare and give the introductions to the following presentations.
- •1.Descriptive Abstracts
- •2.Informative Abstracts
- •4.9. Write an abstract of any text from Module 7.
- •4.10. Write an abstract of any text from Module 8.
- •3. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
- •4. Monopoly and Market Power
- •5. Merit Goods
- •6. Business Organization
1.Descriptive Abstracts
Tell readers what information the report, article, or paper contains
Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the report, article, or paper
Do not provide results, conclusions, or recommendations.
Are always very short, usually under 100 words.
Introduce the subject to readers, who must then read the report, article, or paper to find out the author's results, conclusions, or recommendations
2.Informative Abstracts
Communicate specific information from the report, article, or paper.
Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the report, article, or paper.
Provide the report, article, or paper's results, conclusions, and recommendations.
Are short – from a paragraph to a page or two, depending upon the length of the original work being abstracted. Usually informative abstracts are 10% or less of the length of the original piece.
Allow readers to decide whether they want to read the report, article, or paper.
Qualities of a Good Abstract
Well developed paragraphs are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone
Uses an introduction/body/conclusion structure which presents the article, paper, or report's purpose, results, conclusions, and recommendations in that order
Follows strictly the chronology of the article, paper, or report
Provides logical connections (or transitions) between the information included
Adds no new information, but simply summarizes the report
Is understandable to a wide audience
Oftentimes uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information
Don’ts for abstract writing
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.
Do not explain the sections or parts of the paper.
Avoid sentences that end in "…is described", "…is reported", "…is analyzed" or similar.
Don't merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you'll put in too much or too little information.
Don't rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report: summarize information in a new way.
Do not begin sentences with "it is suggested that…” "it is believed that…", "it is felt that…"or similar. In every case, the four words can be omitted without damaging the essential message.
Do not repeat or rephrase the title.
Do not refer in the abstract to information that is not in the document.
If possible, avoid trade names, acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols. You would need to explain them, and that takes too much room.
The abstract should be about the research, not about the act of writing.
Use the following as a checklist for your next abstract:
Motivation Why do we care about the problem and the results?
Problem statement
What problem is being solved? What is the scope of the work?
Approach How did the author go about solving or making progress on the problem? What was the extent of the work?
Results and conclusion
What are the results of the work? What conclusions can be made?
Sources:
<http://www.olemiss.edu/>;
<http://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/>;
<http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html>