Змістовий модуль № 7

Travelling

Pre-reading activity.

Read and learn the topical vocabulary.

Different layers різні шари (населення)

A questionnaire анкета

To travel подорожувати

Living standard життєвий рівень

To be high enough достатньо високий

To permit дозволяти

A travel agency туристичне агентство

To arrange організовувати

Accommodation готель

The rank категорія, клас

I. Read the text. Translate it into Ukrainian.

Travelling

I am a student and qualify as a sociologist. Sociology is a general approach to asking and answering questions based on observation. It was interesting for me to know the role of travelling in people’s life, belonging to different layers of society. I have prepared a questionnaire and revealed that travelling plays an important role in our life. Some people travel on business; others do it for pleasure.

There are different ways of travelling: by car, by train, by plane or on foot. The fastest way is travelling by plane.

But nowadays it is very expensive. Few people can afford it.

Living standard in our country is not high enough to travel for pleasure. But I think we shall overcome financial problems and get an opportunity to make tours.

When we want to travel, we usually book a ticket beforehand at the station or an airport booking-office.

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Travelling by train we can have much luggage. If we go by air, there are limits for our luggage: no more than 25 kilograms are permitted.

Transport service is far from being good. But we can find a porter, who can help us to get our luggage to the carriage or taxi.

In our everyday life travelling on foot is the cheapest and the most convenient way. While going on foot you can have many advantages: fresh air, absence of a busy crowd of people, quietness.

Any way of travelling can be pleasant or unpleasant. Much depends on service, money and company.

Travelling by car or train gives you time to enjoy the places you are passing by. A plane helps you to economize your time, brings new things, places and people fast. Going on foot makes you free: you may stop and rest at any time and place or change your direction.

If we want to make a tour round Europe, for example, we’d better consult the travel agency. Clerks will give us detailed information about countries, prices, traditions and customs of other people; provide us with all the necessary documents, visas and etc.

Guides will take care of us during our tour. They will help us to put up at the hotels and arrange excursions.

Naturally their service costs too much. Not everybody can afford it. The price depends on the way of travelling, the rank of the hotel and the term of the tour.

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. I am a student and qualify as a sociologist.

2. Sociology is based on observation and interpretation.

3. With the help of a questionnaire I have revealed that travelling doesn’t play an important role in our life.

4. The fastest way of travelling is very expensive.

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5. Living standard in Ukraine is high enough to travel for pleasure.

6. The cheapest and the most convenient way of travelling is by train.

7. We have a lot of advantages while going on foot.

8. Going by bus you may stop and rest at any time and place or change your direction.

9. Everybody can afford the service of the travel agency.

10. We shall overcome financial problems and get an opportunity to make tours for pleasure.

III. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.

1. A general, answering, observation, questions, sociology, to, asking, based on, and, is, approach.

2. In our life, I, a questionnaire, traveling, have prepared, and, plays, revealed, an, that, important role.

3. To travel, living, is, high enough, standard, country, for pleasure, in, not, our.

4. As, I, a sociologist, and, am, a student, qualify.

5. Transport, good, far from, service, is, being.

6. Can be, way, or, any, unpleasant, traveling, of, pleasant.

7. By plane, the fastest, is, and, the most, way, expensive, travelling, of.

8. Costs, the service, agency, people, too much, of, the travel, ordinary, for.

9. Travelling, the, depends on, and, tour, price, the way, of, term, the, of, the.

IY. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. I am a student and _____ as a _____ .

2. _____ is a general approach to _____ and _____ questions based on _____.

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3. I have prepared a _____ and _____ that _____ plays an important role in our life.

4. There are different ways of travelling: _____.

5. But nowadays it is very _____.

6. _____ _____ in our country is not high _____ to _____ for pleasure.

7. But I think we shall _____ _____ problems and get an _____ to make tours.

8. The fastest way of _____ is by _____.

9. The cheapest and the most _____ way of _____ is on _____.

10. Transport _____ is far from being _____.

Y. Match the English travelling words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. sociologist 2. observation 3. layers of the society 4. a questionnaire 5. expensive 6. living standard 7. high enough 8. beforehand 9. transport service 10. a travel agency

a) дорогий b) достатній c) соціолог d) туристичне агентство e) шари суспільства f) спостереження g) транспортне обслуговування h) анкета i) заздалегідь j) життєвий рівень

YI. Comprehension questions.

1. What is your future speciality?

2. Which of occupation is a general approach to asking and answering questions?

3. Who prepared a questionnaire?

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4. What did you reveal?

5. How many ways of travelling do you know?

6. Name the cheapest and the most expensive way of travelling.

7. What are the advantages of every way of voyage?

8. When do we consult the travel agency?

9. Who will take care of us during our tour?

10. Can everybody afford the service of the guides?

YII. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Answer the questions given below.

People have always travelled. People have searched for food, fled from danger and always wondered what is round the next corner, what is over the horizon.

Today we sometimes travel for similar reasons. But we also travel for business, as tourists and to visit friends and relatives. And there must be many other reasons.

More people travel now than ever before. Tourism is the reason why most people travel. And this includes the British. Many British people spend their holidays both in Spain and in the South-West of England (a well-known holiday region). Spain, Greece, Morocco and Ireland earn more from tourism than from anything else. Even a shop can earn a fortune: Harrods in London earns much from tourists.

According to a recent sociological survey, the people who travel the most are the Germans, the Americans, The French and the British.

Questions:

1. What are the reasons for travelling?

2. What have people always wanted to know?

3. There are a lot of people who travel, aren’t they?

4. Do the British like touring?

5. What is a well-known holiday region in Britain?

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YIII. Read and translate the text. Ask questions on this text and retell it

Going Abroad

While travelling abroad you have to go through customs, sometimes several times.

As a rule the customs officers check your passports and visas if they are required. When coming to some countries you may need a health certificate. If you have anything to declare, then you are to fill in the declaration form.

The customs officers may ask you to show your luggage to them. Usually articles for personal use and wear and gifts are not liable to duty anywhere. If you are carrying much currency you should also declare it. If you are carrying weapons you need a permit. Also some items are liable to duty; if you carry only a small amount of them, they are duty free.

Occasionally the customs officers may take some of your things for a more detailed inspection but usually they return them soon.

Don’t try to break the customs rules and regulations because you may have a lot of troubles.

IX. Read these dialogues, translate and act them out:

• Passport control officer: Your passport, please.

Traveller: Here you are.

Passport control officer: How long are you staying in Ukraine?

Traveller: Two months. I am here on business.

Passport control officer: Your passport and visa are in order. Have a pleasant stay.

Traveller: Thank you.

• At a Passport and Customs Desk.

• Your passport, please. How long are you planning to stay in the country?

• Three weeks. Could I prolong my entrance visa in case of necessity?

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• Sure. Our officials shall care about it.

• Can you put your bags on the table, and your customs form, please?

• How much do they weigh?

• 23 kilos. I’m sorry, but you will have to pay an excess luggage charge.

• Oh! It is only three kilos over-weight.

• Yes, sir. That is 6 dollars. Thank you. Have you anything to declare?

• Pardon?

• Alcohol, cigarettes, fresh fruit, plants?

• Oh, no.

• Open your suitcase, please. Any gifts?

• Only one bottle of vodka.

• All right. It is duty free. As you probably know, it is forbidden to bring in more than two bottles of alcohol and two blocks of cigarettes to England. And no limitations as to currency. Here is your form.

• Thank you.

• Not at all. Next please.

Funny Stories.

• The well-known singer Enrico Caruso was once driving not far from New York. Something went wrong with his car and he had to spend some time in the house of a farmer. Soon they became friendly and the farmer asked Caruso’s name.

When the farmer heard the name, he rose to his feet. “My, I never thought I should see a man like you in my kitchen, sir”, he cried out. “Caruso. The great traveller. Robinson Caruso!”.

• A passenger on a railway station complaints to a porter, “There are two clocks at this station and they both tell different times”. And the porter replies, “Why should we have two clocks if they tell the same time?”.

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X. Sort these words into four groups. The first expressions are for you.

Accommodation (we stay in …) a hotel

Journey and transportation a day trip by car

People a travel agent

Actions to buy tickets

A hotel A youth hostel A day trip by car A camp A sightseeing tour To plan a holiday

A travel agent A journey by train On foot To depart from To buy a ticket a guest

A flight by plane To check out of a motel A visitor To go on excursion To arrive at A sightseer

Voyage by boat A guide A guest house To book a holiday

XI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. The first letter of each missing word is given.

1. When planning a h_____ you must first decide where you are going.

2. Next you need to decide where you are going to s_____: in a h_____, a youth h_____, a c___, a g_____ or somewhere else.

3. It is also important to decide how you are going to travel – by t_____, by b_____, by p_____, or perhaps on f_____.

4. You may need to visit a travel a_____ who will organize your tickets.

5. Sometimes it is best to b_____ a holiday in advance.

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USEFUL LANGUAGE

• How to ask for and give directions.

A: Excuse me, could you tell me…/do you know…

how to get to how I can get to the way to

the airport? the National Museum? or where the nearest post office?

the railway station the police station is? the cinema

B: (Yes,)… Certainly.

Go straight ahead (till you come to …, then turn left).

Carry straight on.

Take a number … bus and get off at …

XII. Someone asks you what the following signs mean. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

LUGGAGE CANNOT BE REMOVED WITHOUT A RECEIPT

a) You must show a receipt if you want to remove luggage.

b) When you remove your luggage you are given a receipt.

c) You can leave your luggage here for a long time.

d) You must pay if you want to remove your luggage.

WILL THE LAST PERSON TO LEAVE, PLEASE SWITCH OFF THE LIGHTS

a) Don’t turn the lights off.

b) Switch the lights on when you are in the room.

c) Do not leave the lights on if the room is empty.

d) Leave the lights on when you go.

PLEASE BE QUITE IN THE HOSPITAL CAR PARK PATIENTS MAY BE ASLEEP NEAR HERE

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a) No parking here at the hospital.

b) Drive slowly to avoid patients.

c) Try not to wake patients.

d) Only patients may park here.

FOOT-PASSENGERS USE OTHER SIDE OF ROAD

a) This road is for foot-passengers only.

b) It is not safe for foot-passengers to use this road.

c) Drivers should look out for foot-passengers.

d) Foot-passengers should walk on the pavement opposite.

NO BICYCLES AGAINST GLASS PLEASE

a) Do not leave your bike touching the window.

b) Do not ride your bicycle in this area.

c) Broken glass may damage your bicycle tyres.

d) Your bike may not be safe here.

XIII. Explain your favourite way of travelling.

1. Say what kind of holidays you prefer and explain why.

• Staying in a holiday centre at the seaside?

• Climbing mountains?

• Camping on the bank of the river?

• Walking holidays?

• Horse-riding in the countryside?

• Touring one or several countries?

• Seeing the sights of your own country?

• Staying in the country with your parents or grandparents and doing some gardening?

• Going to youth camps?

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2. After you have chosen the type of holiday you prefer, tell your friends what you cannot travel without.

e.g. No matter what kind of holidays I go on, I can’t travel without my camera.

If I camp on the bank of the river, I can’t do without a tent.

3. Say how you entertain yourself and your friends. Do you, for example,

• visit museums and picture galleries?

• see the sights?

• play cards on the beach?

• read your favourite books?

• ____________ your ideas?

XIY. Read and translate a magazine article about planning a holiday. Decide if the statements given after the text are true or false.

Planning a Holiday

More and more people take holidays abroad every year, and a recent sociological survey has shown that they would rather cut back spending on food and clothing during the year than spend less on holidays. Choosing the ideal holiday is not always easy, but in these days and age there is a wide range of choice, and you should be able to find something to suit your taste and pocket.

Some people like planning their holiday independently, while others prefer to book a package. It depends on where you are going, how much money you have, and whether you are travelling alone or with friends or family.

The obvious advantage of a package holiday is that it is simple to organize. You book the holiday through a travel agent and transport, insurance and accommodation are all arranged for you. All you have to do is pay the bill. If you take an independent holiday you can spend a lot of time and a small fortune

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checking complicated timetables and trying to make hotel bookings in a language -

you can’t even speak. What is more, package holidays are often incredibly cheap. For the price of a suit, you can have a fortnight in a foreign resort, including

accommodation, meals and air travel. A similar independent holiday can work out much more expensive. Yet the advantages of planning your holiday yourself are considerable. You are free to choose exactly where and when you want to go, how you want to travel and how long you want to stay. You can avoid the large resorts, whereas holiday-makers on package tours are often trapped among crowds of other tourists. You can eat the food of the region at reasonable prices in local restaurants, while they are served with international dishes and chips with everything. Besides, although package holidays are usually extremely good value for money, they are not always cheaper. If you are willing to take a little trouble, you may be able to save money by fixing up a foreign holiday yourself.

All things considered, what kind of holidays would you choose?

Statements

1. Most holiday makers choose not to economize on there holidays.

2. Everybody knows which holiday is ideal for him.

3. Both independent and package holidays are simple to organize.

4. Independent holidays are always cheaper than package tours.

5. Package tours give holiday-makers less freedom of choice.

XY. Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings below.

1. Tourism should always be looked at __________.

2. Due to tourism _________.

3. Foreign tourists are usually prepared ___________.

4. Building new hotels, adventure parks and recreation areas ___________.

5. Tourism can be regarded beneficial __________.

a) to spend a lot of money on accommodation, food and entertainment.

b) may lead to destroying natural environment.

c) in relation to a country’s economy.

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d) only if it is properly controlled by the country’s government.

e) new jobs in hotels, restaurants, museums and other places of interest are created.

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ЗМІСТОВИЙ МОДУЛЬ № 8

Environmental Protection

Pre-reading activity.

Read and learn the topical vocabulary.

To confirm підтверджувати

Ecological ruin екологічне руйнування

To compete змагатися

Vehicle транспортний засіб

To discharge випускати

Sewage стічні води

Garbage сміття

To recycle повторно використовувати

To convert перетворювати

To raise voice in defense виступати у захист природи

Purification plant очисн(ий) а установка (завод)

Vanishing animals зникаючі тварини

Habitat природне місце існування

Poisonous air отруйний

Fuel паливо

Rainforest тропічний ліс

Species вид (и)

Waste відходи

I. Read the text. Translate it into Ukrainian.

Sociologists consider that environmental pollution is one of the most burning problems of our time. Today ecology and problems of environmental protection are widely discussed by sociologists all over the world. Recent sociological research demonstrates that the environment influences man and, on the contrary, society influences nature. Various types of human social activity

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depend on environmental conditions. Sociologists confirm that exploitation of nature will result in ecological ruin.

Nature has its rights and it is the duty of man to respect and to defend these rights. It is necessary to do programs of the protection of nature. All countries must take part in these programs.

The World Ocean and atmosphere belong to all nations equally. Therefore ecological problems have become truly international. If countries and nations compete let them compete in preserving the beauty of nature, in protecting the environment against the pressure of civilization.

Pollution from factories is not the only problem. Motor vehicles and aircraft pollute the air. Oil tankers pollute the sea. Many city governments discharge sewage into their rivers and leave mountains of garbage in the countryside. Yet all of this could be avoided, with a little imagination. There are engines, which don’t cause air pollution. Garbage can be recycled and sewage can be converted to energy. Private companies won’t make the necessary investments. This money really has to come from the government.

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Sociologists consider that environmental pollution is one of the most burning problems of our time.

2. Today ecology and problems of environmental protection are widely discussed by mathematicians all over the world.

3. Sociologists confirm that exploitation of nature does not result in ecological ruin.

4. The duty of man is to respect and to defend the rights of nature.

5. All countries must take part in the programs of the protection of nature.

6. Countries and nations must compete in preserving the beauty of nature, in protecting the environment against the pressure of civilization.

7. Pollution from factories is the only problem.

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8. There are engines, which don’t cause air pollution.

9. The necessary investment has to come from the government.

III. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Problems, all, today, over, ecology, are, of, environmental, and, discussed, the, protection, world, widely, sociologists, by.

2. Conditions, of, activity, environmental, various, depend on, human, types, social.

3. Defend, nature, to, rights, has, man, duty, and, its, these, to respect, rights, the, it, of, and, is.

4. Problem, factories, not, from, pollution, only, is, the.

5. Leave, governments, into, many, rivers, city, of, countryside, and, discharge, in, sewage, the, their, garbage, mountains.

IY. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Recent _______ research demonstrates that the ______ influences man and, on the contrary, ______ influences nature.

2. Sociologists _______ that exploitation of nature will result in ______ _____.

3. It is ________ to do programs of the ________ of nature.

4. If countries and nations compete let them compete in ______ the beauty of nature, in ________the ________ against the pressure of civilization.

5. _______ can be _______ and _______ can be converted to energy.

Y. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. Environmental pollution 2. Environmental protection 3. In defense of nature 4. Vanishing species 5. Purification plants 6. Human social activity

a. мінеральні ресурси b. отруєні річки і озера c. зникаючі види d. забруднення навколишнього середовища e.промислові відходи f.захист навколишнього середовища

7. Natural habitat 8. Mineral resources 9. Industrial waste 10. Poisoned rivers and lakes

g.у захист природи h. природне місце існування i. прибори для очищування j.соціальна діяльність людини

YI. Comprehension questions.

1. What do sociologists all over the world consider?

2. Which problems are widely discussed by sociologists?

3. Who confirms that exploitation of nature will result in ecological ruin?

4. In what programs must all the countries take part?

5. Is pollution from factories the only problem?

6. We must protect the environment, mustn’t we?

YII. Make up sentences and translate them.

All people We They

should ought must shall will

raise their voices in defense of nature pay attention to the question of nature conservation join the efforts to protect the nature save the land, the seas, the oceans build the most perfect purification plants choose life before it’s too late protect rare and vanishing animals species

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YIII. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets and translate them.

1. Ecology is a … common for all mankind. (problem, question, point, object)

2. All people actively … in international cooperation on the protection of the natural habitat. (participate, take part, concern)

3. Environmental problems … their relatively short history, have already been an object of a number of international discussions. (despite, in spite of, although)

4. They have done a great deal of … to man and they are still doing so for profit and gain. (harm, hurt, damage)

5. They … about mineral resources, flowing rivers, forests, meadows and fields. (have a talk, speak, say, tell)

IX. Make up questions. Translate and answer them.

Do Does

people catch fish in the rivers or lakes near your house? environmental protection occupy an important place in everybody’s life? The resources demand rational use? Industrial waste influence people’s health?

What is What are

all people going in defense of nature? the air like in the place you live? the biosphere affected by?

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X. Read the text. Put each of the following words into the correct space in the text and translate it.

( concern, demand, growth, environment, fuel, pollution, science)

Man and the Environment

There are a lot of problems facing people on the planet Earth nowadays. The problems that ________ world action are: ________ of world population,

economic crises, ethnic conflicts. Sociological surveys have shown that the most urgent problem concerning the people of the whole world is an ecological one.

What is ecology? Ecology is the ________ that studies the conditions of the habitat of man, animals and plants for the benefit of present and future generations.

What is the ________? It is everything around us. It includes everything that is not alive, such as the soil, the air, the water. The planet Earth is our mutual home. All share the same climate and cannot build our independent line of defense.

Human activities can make the environment unhealthy and cause global warming, ozone holes, water, air, oil _______. We breathe poisonous air, drink poisonous water and eat poisonous food.

Many scientists including sociologists study the environment. When there is a problem, they try to find out why. Then they look for ways to stop the problem.

Scientists have also helped find ways to reduce air and water pollution. New cars burn ________ better and produce fewer poisons. There are laws against dumping poisons into rivers and lakes. People who break these laws should be punished.

Environmental problems are our _______. Humans must take care of the environment so it will be a healthier place for all living things.

XI. Read about the four burning environmental problems and then find the Green Solutions to these problems.

1. Energy.

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At the moment, 94% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels. There’s enough coal for the next 300 years, but only enough gas and oil for next 50. What happens then? One answer is nuclear energy. But after Chernobyl disaster in 1986, many people think nuclear power isn’t safe.

2. Wildlife.

Animals are part of the environment too. Millions of them are killed or treated cruelly by man every year. These can be divided into five main groups:

animals used for scientific research (example: rabbits)

• animals killed for sport (example: foxes)

• animals killed for their fur or skin (example: squirrels or crocodiles )

• animals in danger because their habitats are in danger (example: monkeys)

• animals kept in cruel conditions on farm (example: some kinds of chickens and cows)

3. Rainforests

Before 1900 rainforests covered 14% of the word’s surface. Today they cover 7%. The reason for this is simple. They have been cut down to provide a) land; b) paper; c) wood; d) medicines; e) minerals; f) fuel. But it is not only trees which are disappearing. Every rainforest also contains millions of animals, insects and flowers. These are destroyed too. If man continues to cut down rainforests, more than one million species of plants and animals will become extinct by the year 2030.

4. Acid Rain

One of Europe and North America’s most serious pollution problems is acid rain. Factories send gases and chemicals into the air. There they mix with water molecules and are carried for hundreds of miles by the wind. Finally, they fall

back to earth when it rains. This acid rain kills fish and trees. It slowly destroys buildings too.

Green Solution a)

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Groups like “Greenpeace” have already helped stop whale hunting. Now they want to stop fur-hunting too. Like many other organizations, they believe in animal rights. Their solution to all problems of wildlife cruelty is simple. Animals shouldn’t suffer. The cruelty must stop.

Green Solution b)

Industrial countries should control their levels of pollution. This is already happening in some parts of Europe. Several countries have cut their acid rain pollution by 30%.

Green Solution c)

There are four Green Solutions. They all use natural energy already in the environment: a) wind energy; b) solar energy; c) wave energy (from the sea); geothermal energy (from hot rocks under the Earth).

Green Solution d)

Governments in rainforest countries need to plan and work together. They should also protect certain areas and new forests.

XII. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it.

A: Say that the traffic on our roads has increased considerably during the past years.

B: Answer that a lot of people have private cars and move about more easily. At the same time air pollution has increased.

A: Reply that he visited several cities in Western countries and that air pollution is much worse there.

B: Answer that this is certainly true but a lot of people in Ukraine denounce increasing air pollution. Add that it is a big problem and that it can only be solved step by step because it is very complex and costs a lot of money.

A: Ask what is at present being done to solve the problem.

B: Tell him that there are regular checks on air pollution in the big towns, that producers try to make better engines for vehicles.

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A: Suggest that improving the car engines is important, but that there are also other ways for solving the pollution problem.

B: Tell him that he is right and one of these ways is perfect purification plants.

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