- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Match the historical systems of law (1 to 8) to their distinctive characteristics (a to h).
- •3. Make the Comparative and the Superlative forms of the adjectives.
- •5. Complete the sentences with was/wasn’t, were/weren’t and translate them.
- •6. Put the sentences in the Past Simple Tense. Make necessary changes.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple Tense.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-questions and f) subject-question.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the sentence halves to make appropriate sentences.
- •12. Find the Passive verb forms (Present Simple or Past Simple) and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13. Choose the proper verb form (Active or Passive).
- •14. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
- •15. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
- •16. Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Supply the where necessary.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •17. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •18. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •19. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •20. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with appropriate words and phrases from the vocabulary lists on pp. 24 and 29.
- •22. Translate the chains of words into Russian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from each chain.
- •23. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given in the box below. There are some words that you don’t need.
- •24. Complete this text with the correct alternatives. Translate the text into Russian in written form.
- •25. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •26. Translate into English.
- •27. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 Early systems of law.
- •2 Roman law and its influence.
- •28. Discuss in groups.
17. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
-
justice
common law
equity
case
judgement
litigant
treaty
property
a)
the system of laws in a country which judges and punishes people
b)
a written agreement between two or more countries formally approved1 by their leaders
c)
a person who brings a suit or a sued person
d)
a matter decided by a judge in a court of law
e)
a system of justice which allows a fair judgment of a case where the laws that already exist are not satisfactory
f)
the legal system developed in England over a period of time from old customs and court decisions, rather than laws made in Parliament
g)
an object or objects that belong to someone
h)
an official legal decision
18. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
-
1
to approve
6
to date back to
a law
a system
2
to pass
7
to punish
a treaty
a dispute
3
to resolve
8
to develop
a rule
sentence
4
to lay down
9
to commit
justice
a crime
an offender
the Middle Ages
5
to administer
10
to apply
19. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
-
1
influence
6
problem
11
to follow a rule (2)
2
sentence (2)
7
lawsuit (3)
12
to lay down (2)
3
case law
8
fair (2)
13
to pass a law (3)
4
concept (2)
9
main (3)
14
to administer the law
5
habit (2)
10
old (2)
15
however (2)
20. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with appropriate words and phrases from the vocabulary lists on pp. 24 and 29.
This agreement is in line with the policy established by the government.
The judge's decision was perfectly just in the circumstances1.
Early Anglo-Saxon courts were made up of common people and neighbors.
Canon law is derived from religious texts, such as the Bible or Koran.
After the fall of the Roman Empire the Roman legal administration disrupted and the codes of Germanic laws took the place of Roman law in Western Europe.
In English legal history, judicially-developed "common law" became the uniform authority throughout the country several centuries before Parliament got the power to make laws.
The Law Merchant was enforced by merchant courts, set up along trade routes and trade centres.
Disputes between Anglo-Saxons were settled according to unwritten local customs that varied from community to community.
Democracy is a system of government based on the belief in freedom and the right of different groups of people to have a similar social status.
In the 19th century, Japan modernized its legal system and started to use the civil law model based mostly on the German civil code.
Criminal law is the part of the legal system which relates to punishing people who break the law.
21. Form nouns from the adjectives. Use suffix -ity. Translate the nouns into Russian. Use 3 three of them in sentences of your own.
-
impartial
equal
legal
stable
complex
national
responsible
criminal