- •Глава 1topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of death, bad health lingers from Chornobyl blast
- •Глава 2topic 9: lexical aspects of interpretation
- •9.1. The Notion of the “Focus of Meaning”
- •9.2. Subject Field Terms: Ways of Interpreting Them
- •9.3. Clichés and Idioms as an Interpretation Problem
- •9.4. “Troublemaking” Lexical Units: Numerals, Proper Names, Specific Items of the National Lexicon, Abbreviations, Acronyms and “Misleading Words”
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
- •Blood-sucking leeches popular for treatments
- •Глава 3topic 10: "gaps" in perception of oral discourse and ways of "filling them in" in interpreting
- •10.1. The Notion of "Gaps" in Perceiving Original Texts
- •10.2. Phonological "Gaps"
- •10.3. Lexical "Gaps"
- •10.4. Grammatical "Gaps"
- •10.5. Ways of Filling in the "Gaps" in Interpreting
- •10.6. Ways of Fighting Phonological Complications Caused by Accents and Dialects
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 10
- •Глава 4Topic 11: problems of translating idioms
- •11.1. Knowing Idioms is the Way to Speak Like a Native
- •11.2. Grammatical Nature of Idioms
- •11.3. Etymology of Idioms
- •11.4. How to Learn Idioms and Practice Them
- •American English Idioms
- •Tricky translations
- •In the text below you will find various word combinations using the word “job”. Their translations into Ukrainian follow in brackets:
- •Looking for a job
- •Глава 5topic 12: levels and components of interpretation. Interpreter’s challenges. Conference interpreting
- •12.1. Communication during Two-way Interpretation
- •Interpreter
- •12.2. Two Levels of Interpretation
- •12.3. Triad of Interpretation Process
- •12.4. Specifics and Situations in Interpreting Process
- •12.5. Factor of Time
- •One monument to two events: Christianization, municipal rights
- •Глава 6topic 13: precision and basis information, their distinctions and importance for interpretation adequacy
- •13.1. Constituents of Precision and Basis Information
- •13.2. Rendering pi in the Process of Interpretation
- •13.3. Undesirable Situations of Two-way Interpretation. Interpretation Pitfalls and Traps – How to Avoid Them
- •The Brain’s Response to Nicotine
- •The Braine Response to Methamphetamine
- •Why I am a Pilot
- •Глава 7topic 14: characteristic peculiarities of professional interpretation
- •14.1. Intellectual Requirements
- •14.2. Requirements to Interpretation Adequacy
- •14.3. Memory and Interpretation
- •Organic farming takes root in countryside as people seek healthier food alternatives
- •Topic 15: analysis and synthesis during Глава 8interpretation process
- •15.1. Two Stages of Interpretation Process
- •15.2. Understanding and Extraction of Meaningful Units
- •15.3. Hearing and the Types of Noises
- •15.4. Guess and Intuition
- •15.5. To See a Speaker
- •15.6. Automatism of Synthesis
- •15.7. Complicated is Simpler
- •15.8. Interpretation Typology
- •15.9. Constituents of Training Interpretation
- •15.10. Constituents of Real Interpretation and Ways of Achieving Adequacy
- •15.11. Subtypes of Professional Interpretation
- •Give English/Ukrainian interpretation on sight of the following trext: The Price of Progress
- •Give two-way interpretation of the following texts:
- •Глава 9topic 16: ability to hear as the basic requirement to understanding
- •16.1. Hearing
Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
translation unit |
одиниця перекладу |
focus of meaning |
центральний вузол змісту висловлювання |
keyword (a word which occurs in a text more often then we would expect) |
ключове слово |
precision lexicon |
прецизійна лексика |
subject field words (terms) |
слова предметної галузі (терміни) |
jargonisation |
жаргонізація |
polysemy |
полісемія, багатозначність |
denotatum (pl denotata) |
денотат (від лат. denotatus - позначений, визначений) - об'єкт; те, що можна назвати певним іменем |
computer-assisted translation (CAT) |
машинний переклад (переклад за допомогою комп'ютера) |
practical transcription |
практична транскрипція |
transliteration |
транслітерація |
transcoding |
транскодування |
loan translation |
калька,калькування |
descriptive translation |
описовий переклад |
set phrase, cliche |
усталений вираз, кліше |
phraseological unit (expression) |
фразеологічний вираз; фразеологічна одиниця |
idiom (expression, i.e. term or phrase, whose parts are fixed) |
ідіома (ідіом), ідіоматичний вираз (зворот), усталений вираз |
operational memory |
оперативна пам'ять |
absolute equivalent |
абсолютний еквівалент |
near equivalent |
приблизний еквівалент |
analogy |
аналогія |
specific item of the national lexicon |
національно забарвлена лексична одиниця, лексико-семантична реалія |
abbreviation |
абревіатура (напр. abn для airborne – повітрянодесантний) |
acronym |
акронім (напр. WOMAN для World Organization of Mothers of All Nations - Всесвітня організація матерів) |
"misleading words" |
"оманливі слова", слова, які викликають помилкове уявлення |
word-for-word (word for word) translating |
дослівне відтворення (у пере-кладі) |
Questions for discussion:
Comment on the notion of the "focus of meaning" in oral discourse.
Which lexical items are considered to be subject field words in oral discourse?
What are the basic ways of interpreting subject field lexical items? Comment on the difference between practical transcription and transliteration, loan and descriptive translation. Suggest examples of your own.
What are grounds for uniting practical transcription and transliteration under one method of "transcoding"?
Give the definition of the set phrases (cliches) and phraseological units and comment upon their similarities and differences.
Describe basic ways of interpreting set phrases and phraseological units. Give examples of your own.
What "troubles" are connected with interpreting numerals?
What "troubles" do proper names and specific items of national lexicon make for interpreters? Comment upon the accepted ways of interpreting these items.
Comment upon the accepted ways of interpreting abbreviations, acronyms and "misleading words".
Practical assignments:
Make translation on sight of the following text: