Text 10. London Transport

The most popular means of city transport in London is a double-decker, a bus that has two platforms for passengers. Bright-red buses look very nice in the streets of London. There are also green single-deckers, they run from London to the country.

In Britain the traffic keeps to the left, and not to the right as in other countries. That is why when English people want to cross the street, they must look first to the right and then to the left.

The traffic lights are also different there. The red light means "Stop", the green means "Wait", and only when you see the yellow light, which means "Cross", you may cross the street.

"Keep left" is the general rule in Great Britain and people keep left. People cross the street at the black-and-white zebra crossing, but sometimes they just run across the street.

In London you may see people with unusual occupations, for example, buskers. What is a busker? It is a man who sings or plays in the streets, near cinemas and theatres or at bus stops, and people throw money in his hat. Buskers are usually young people between seventeen and thirty years old. Some of them play classical music and some play pop music. One o'clock is lunch time in London. The streets are full of people going to have their lunch. Many of them go into a pub to have lunch.

Londoners do not have to go very far to find green parks, because London is very rich in parks and gardens. Londoners are very proud of their parks. One of the most popular parks is Hyde Park. Londoners love it. On Sundays you may see many Londoners there sitting with their families on the grass. Hyde Park is the place for all kinds of parades and meetings.

Слова и выражения

double-decker - даблдекер, двухэтажный автобус;

platform – платформа;

single-decker - одноэтажный автобус;

traffic - уличное движение;

traffic lights – светофор;

to keep left - держаться левой стороны;

zebra - пешеходная «зебра»;

lunch time - время ланча.

Text 11.

Ecological Problems

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

The pollution of air and the world's ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crisis.

The most horrible ecological disaster befell Belarus and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the republic's agriculture, forests and people's health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Belorassian nation.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.

Слова и выражения

ancient – древний;

harmony – гармония;

environment - окружающая среда;

riches – богатства;

unlimited – неограниченный;

to interfere – вмешиваться;

.to increase - увеличиваться, возрастать;

smoky – дымный;

enterprises – предприятия;

by-product - побочный продукт;

activity – деятельность;

to pollute – загрязнять;

substances – вещества;

to upset – вредить;

oxygen – кислород;

rare – редкий;

destruction – разрушение;

ozone – озон;

layer – слой;

interaction – взаимодействие;

horrible – ужасный;

disaster – катастрофа;

to befall - пасть (на что-то);

damage - урон, ущерб;

consequences – последствия;

explosion – взрыв;

protection – защита;

concern – озабоченность;

security – безопасность;

agency – агентство;

to set up - устанавливать, организовывать;

to preserve - сохранять, оберегать;

on ward- дальше, далее;

for the sake of somebody - ради кого-нибудь;

initial – начальный.