Контрольні питання

* Другий рівень – середній. Знати слова та словосполучення з теми та вміти використовувати в реченнях; знати основні поняття та правила.

** Третій рівень – достатній. Знати основні визначення, поняття та правила. Вміти використовувати їх в зв’язному мовленні. Відповідати на питання.

*** Четвертий рівень – високий. Визначати проблемні питання. Вміти логічно та вільно висловлюватися в межах вивчених тем.

Lesson 4. Productivity of Labour. The Infinitive

*Task I.Learn the new vocabulary:

Quality - якість

Equipment - обладнання

Principal - головний

Skilled – кваліфікований

To combine - поєднувати

Relatively - відносно

To acquire -набувати

To hire –винаймати

*Task II. Translate the following word-combinations

To be affected by machinery, labour forces, skilled workers , to acquire the capital ,to hire labour forces, division of labour, to be an expert in particular task, to break complex tasks into series of small ones, to be retrained, to be fired, a well- educated worker, to motivate the workers to do the job, relatively low productivity, combining the factors of production, to rest with management, to acquire the necessary capital

**Task III. Read and translate the text:

What determines our productivity?

Our nation's productivity is directly affected by each of the following:

- The quality of our labour force,

- The quality of our machinery and other capital equipment,

- The effectiveness with which we use our resources,

- A business conditions.

The Quality of Our Labour Force . Among the principal ingredients of productivity are the education and training of workers. Well-educated and skilled workers perform their tasks more efficiently than those who are unskilled or poorly educated. It follows that labour productivity can be increased by:

-Improving the quality of education and training programs;

-Increasing opportunities for people to receive education and training that suits their needs.

Using Our Resources Effectively. The factors of production can be combined in any number of ways, some more efficient than others. When they are combined efficiently, productivity will be relatively high. When they are combined inefficiently, productivity will be relatively low. Deci­sions about combining the factors of production rest with management. In the production process, for example, it is management's responsi­bility to acquire the necessary capital (in the form of machinery, tools and equipment). Similarly, management must hire and train the firm's labour force and motivate the workers to do the job. In other words, man­agers must employ both capital and labour to maximize productivity.

How do managers achieve this goal? One way was developed by Henry Ford who introduced a new way to manufacture his Model T Ford back in 1913. Prior to that time, workers and their tools moved from station to station to complete their tasks in building each automobile. One slow worker slowed everyone else. Ford introduced an assembly line that brought the car to the worker on a conveyor belt. As a result, each worker had to complete his task before the car passed his work station. If a worker could not finish his task in that time, the task was modified or he was retrained or fired.

To use machinery efficiently, producers must also use division of labour — the practice of breaking down large, complex tasks into a series of small ones so that each worker can become an expert in his particular task.

**Task IV. Give the corresponding words and word-combinations in English:

Робоча сила, ефективність праці, умови бізнесу, основні складові частини, освічені і кваліфіковані робітники, виконувати свої завдання ефективніше, відносно висока продуктивність, набувати капітал, поєднувати ефективно, винаймати та навчати персонал, досягати мети, запровадити новий спосіб виробництва, розподіл праці.

**Task V. Answer the questions on the text “ Productivity.”

1.What is the definition of the term productivity of labour?

2.What does an increase in productivity mean?

3.Why are business people eager to increase productivity?

4.What does capital refer to?

5.What are the factors to raise productivity?

6. What are the types of economies?

Task VI. The use of Infinitive

to produce, to solve, to clearly understand

1.Complex object: objective case + Infinitive: He asked me to translate the term.

We believe this question to be very important. They asked for the letter to be sent at once.

to see, to hear, to feel, to notice, to watch, to observe + Infinitive without to : I saw her go along the street.

2.Complex subject: nominative case + Infinitive: To answer this question was a very difficult task. It is known that prices play rationing function in the market. All the books were ordered

to be returned within three days. The goods are unlikely to be sold today.

3.Absolute Infinitive construction

4.Infinitive construction with the proposition for: For +Noun (pronoun) +Infinitive

The forms of Infinitive:

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	-
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
perfect Continuous	to have been asking

Task VII. Read and translate the sentences. Pay your attention to the use of Infinitive.

1). To increase productivity the producer must set new equipment in his enterprise.

2). We observe our economy go down.

3). The government raised minimum wages to decease level of living.

4). All know him to be a good manager.

5). The producer expected his output to be demanded.

6). For to improve economic situation the government must solve taxes problem.

***Task VIII. What do you think about the productivity of labour in Ukraine. What kind of enterprises can provide high level of productivity. Give your reasons.