- •Traditional concept of kitchen work flow
- •Kitchen premises
- •Hygiene and safety in the kitchen
- •Personal Hygiene
- •Uniform
- •Handling of Knives and Cooking Utensils
- •Oil spills
- •General Rules
- •Kitchen Conduct & Safety
- •Equipment:
- •Large equipments/mechanical equipment:
- •(See table below p.11, 12, 13) utensils and small equipments
- •(See table below p.14, 15, 16) basic equipment identification
- •Identification of Knife Parts
- •Identifying the various types of knife
- •Identifying the various ustensils of the knife set
- •Holding a knife with a proper grip
- •Use your guiding hand when cutting
- •Using a Sharpening / Butcher’s Steel
- •Vegetables
- •Vegetables: Basic Cutting
- •Potatoes: Basic Cutting
- •Turning potatoes
- •* *** Pomme Fondante: ****
- •* Pomme Vapeur & Pomme à l’anglaise:*
- •* Heat transfer *
- •Conduction
- •Convection
- •Radiation
- •* Three factors affecting cooking time *
- •Methods of cooking
- •Effect of heat on food
- •Method of cooking
- •***** Explanation of those 3 methods: *****
- •*****************Dry Heat Cooking Methods************** Roasting:
- • Sautéing:
- • Grilling:
- • Frying:
- • Steaming:
- • Blanching:
- •3 Basic ingredients for stock are:
- •Principles of stock making
- •Type of stocks
- •Glaze, Demi-Glaze and Fumet : What’s the difference?
- •White Stock vs Brown Stock
- •Sauces:
- •The structure of sauces is made up of:
- •A liquid (a body of the sauce)
- •Structure of sauce
- •Some examples of sauces derived from Mother Sauces: (Deviation Sauces)
- •How do I thicken sauces?
- •* Different types of roux *
- •Basic butter sauce and their variations:
- •Book References
- •These books can be found in the library (10th floor)
Some examples of sauces derived from Mother Sauces: (Deviation Sauces)
MOTHER SAUCES |
EXAMPLES OF DEVIATION SAUCES
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1.BECHAMEL |
+cream=Cream sauce
+grated cheese, butter and cayenne=Mornay sauce
+tomato puree=.Aurora sauce |
2. VELOUTE |
+Cream=Supreme sauce.
+Liaison=Allemande sauce.
+sliced mushroom=Mushroom sauce |
3.ESPAGNOLE |
+chopped tomatoes and sliced mushroom=Chasseur sauce
+reduction=Devilled sauce
+bone marrow, chopped shallots, wine reductions=Madeira sauce |
4.TOMATO SAUCE |
+Reduction white wine, shallots and garlic. Chopped tomato and tomato puree =Provençale sauce.
+diced tomatoes, crushed garlic, onions (sautéed in oil)=Portuguese sauce. |
5.HOLLANDAISE BEARNAISE
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REFER TO THE COLUMN BELOW |
How do I thicken sauces?
There are many methods used by chefs to thicken sauces but bear in mind that not all sauces has to be thick. Due to consumer’s preference of “lighter eating” , many chefs have created sauces that are light in consistency.
Roux (pronounced as “Roo”) : a cooked mixture of equal parts of flour and butter (50% flour, 50% butter)
How much roux should you use to thicken a liquid?
Sauce Consistency |
Butter |
Flour |
Roux |
Liquid |
Thin or light |
25 g |
25 g |
50 g (5 %) |
1 liter |
Medium |
40 g |
40 g |
80 g (8 %) |
1 liter |
Heavy or Thick |
50 g |
50 g |
100 g (10%) |
1 liter |
Basic rule : Add Hot Stock to Cold Roux.Add Cold Stock to Hot Roux. To facilitate the mixing of the two and avoid lumps (due to uneven mixing)
Roux helps to thicken sauces without giving a raw, starchy taste of flour.
* Different types of roux *
ROUX |
DEFINATION |
USAGE |
1.WHITE ROUX |
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2.BLOND ROUX |
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3.BROWN ROUX
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* Other thickening agent *
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1.BEURRE MARNIE |
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To thicken soup and sauces. |
2. EGG YOLK |
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3.CORN STARCH |
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To thicken soup.Ex.sharkfins soup. |
4.LIAISON
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