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Social and Psychological Bases
of Ideology and System Justifi cation
Series in Political Psychology
Series Editor
John T. Jost
Editorial Board
Mahzarin Banaji, Gian Vittorio Caprara, Christopher Federico, Donald P. Green, John Hibbing, Jon Krosnick, Arie Kruglanski, Kathleen McGraw, David Sears, Jim Sidanius, Philip E. Tetlock, Tom R. Tyler
Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification
John T. Jost, Aaron C. Kay, and Hulda Thorisdottir
Forthcoming Books in the Series:
The Political Psychology of Democratic Citizenship
Eugene Borgida, John Sullivan, and Christopher M. Federico
Image Bite Politics: News and the Visual Framing of Elections
Maria E. Grabe and Erik P. Bucy
Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System
Justifi cation
Edited by
John T. Jost
Aaron C. Kay
Hulda Thorisdottir
2009
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Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification / edited by John T. Jost, Aaron C. Kay, Hulda Thorisdottir.
p. cm. — (Series in political psychology) |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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ISBN 978-0-19-532091-6 |
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United States—Politics and government—2001– |
2. Ideology—Political aspects— |
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United States. 3. Political psychology. 4. Religion and politics—United States. |
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Political culture—United States. |
6. Right and left (Political science)—United States. |
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Public opinion—United States. |
I. Jost, John T. |
II. Kay, Aaron C. |
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III. Thorisdottir, Hulda. |
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JK275.S568 |
2009 |
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320.97301'9—dc22 |
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2008022080 |
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Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
We dedicate this book to three of our teachers:
Irving E. Alexander
William J. McGuire
Lee Ross
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank Oxford University Press for publishing this new book series on “Political Psychology” and to express special gratitude to Lori Handelman, Senior Editor in the Brain & Behavioral Sciences department. We also owe considerable debts to Jennifer Rappaport and to Briehan Truesdell and Cara Jolly for assisting with the administrative demands of the project. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support of New York University, the Center for Catastrophe Preparedness and Response, and the National Science Foundation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword: Why Political Psychology Is Important xiii
George Lakoff
Contributors xv
I. INTRODUCTION
1On the Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification / 3
Hulda Thorisdottir, John T. Jost, and Aaron C. Kay
II. IDEOLOGY AND AUTOMATICITY
2 American Moral Exceptionalism / 27
Eric Luis Uhlmann, T. Andrew Poehlman, and John A. Bargh
3On the Automaticity of Nationalist Ideology: The Case of the USA / 53
Melissa J. Ferguson, Travis J. Carter, and Ran R. Hassin
III. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL POWER OF THE STATUS QUO
4 A Psychological Advantage for the Status Quo / 85
Scott Eidelman and Christian S. Crandall
5 Belief in a Just World, Perceived Fairness, and Justification of the Status Quo / 107
Carolyn L. Hafer and Becky L. Choma
6 Disentangling Reasons and Rationalizations: Exploring Perceived Fairness in Hypothetical Societies / 126
Gregory Mitchell and Philip E. Tetlock
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