- •Передмова
- •Lesson 1
- •Reading Exercises:
- •Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 2
- •Dohc or Twin cam engine
- •After text activity
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 3 Read the text: springs
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 4
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 5
- •Lithium-Ion Car Battery
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 6
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 7
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 8 Read the text: Servicing the Engine Cooling System
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 9
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 10
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
I. Reading Exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:
acid mixture; charging; crank; dissimilar metals; fuel; ignition; lead; lights; power output; sealed; |
Exercise 2. Answer the questions:
What is the primary "source" of electrical energy on vehicles?
When may the battery energy be needed?
Why may the acid strength weaken?
What does battery acid consist of?
Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:
1. Today’s batteries are |
a) the positive and negative plates. |
2. The positive and negative plates are |
b) be kept at or near full charge. |
3. As a battery discharges, sulfate combines chemically with |
c) more durable, have high power-to-weight ratios and lighter cases. |
4. To produce maximum cranking power and remain healthy, an automotive lead-acid battery must |
d) sandwiched together and separated by a nonconductive insulating layer of paper, plastic or mirco-woven glass. |
Exercise 4. Open brackets choosing the right words:
Lead-acid batteries have been around since the (most/earliest) days of the automobile and have steadily improved over the years. Today’s batteries are more durable, have high power-to-weight ratios and (lighter/heavier) cases. But the basic (chemistry/mathematics) is unchanged. A chemical reaction between two (well-known/dissimilar) metals in an acid solution creates voltage. The two dissimilar metals are lead and lead (gold/peroxide).
II. Speaking Exercises:
Exercise 1. Describe electrochemical effect; battery; current; solution
using the suggested words and expressions as in example:
electrochemical effect conversion; electric energy; electrochemical cells; reverse process; elemental aluminum; magnesium; bromine; compounds; elements. example: The electrochemical effect is a conversion of chemical to electric energy, as in electrochemical cells; or the reverse process, used to produce elemental aluminum, magnesium, and bromine from compounds of these elements. |
battery direct-current voltage; source; to convert; chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy; electrical energy. |
current transfer; electric charge; device; a circuit; electric current. |
solution homogeneous liquid; solid, or gas phase; a mixture; components (liquid, gas, solid, or combinations thereof); uniformly; to distribute. |
Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:
Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: Battery energy is used to operate the lighting and accessory systems.
Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: The chemical reaction totally destroys one of the metals after a period of time.
Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: The battery is built, charged, washed and dried, sealed, and shipped without electrolyte.
Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: Today’s batteries are more durable, have high power-to-weight ratios and lighter cases.
Question: ___________________________________________ ?
Answer: The acid is a mixture of 25 percent water and 75 percent sulfuric acid (H2SO4).