Etymological glossary* native words

About (a -butan)

Above (a-bufan)

After (aefter)

All (eal), German all, ON allr

Any (aenis), German einige

Apple, German Apfel, Dutch appel, Danish aeble, Indonesian apel, Polish jablko, Russian яблоко

Arm (earm), German Arm, ON armr, Slav. ormo (рамо)

Ask (ascian), OHG eiskon, Russian искать

Bathe (baioan), German baden

Be (beon), German bi (n), Lat. fieri, Russian быть

Bear (beran), German (ge)-baren

Beard (beard), German bart, Lat. barba, Russian борода

Beast (beste), Lat. bestia

Become (be-cuman), German bekommen

Bed (bed), German Bett

Begin (be-zinnan), German beginnen

Behind (be-hindan), German hinten

Believe (be-lyfan), German glauben

Bind (bindan), German binden, Gothic bindan

Bird (brid), German Brut

Birth (ze-byrd), German Gerburt

Bite (bitan), German beiben

Bitter (bitor), German bitter

Blind (blind>blynd), German blind

Blood (blod),German Blut

Board (bord), ON boro, Dutch bord

Boat (bat), German boot

Body (bodiz),OHG potah

Bone (ban), German Bein

Book (boc), German Buch, Gothic boka, Lat. fagus, Greek phegos

Bread (bread), German Brot

Break (brecan), German brechen

Bright (beorht), ON bjartr

Broad (brad), German breit

* составлен на основе пособия М.С. Ретунской «10 семинаров по английской лексикологии». Учебно-методические материалы. – Нижний Новгород: НГЛУ им. Н.А. Добролюбова, 2000.- 54 с.

Brown (brun), German braun

Burn (baernan), German brennen

Busy (bisiz), Dutch bezig

Buy (byczan), ON buggean, Gothic bindan

Can (cunnan) German konnen

Care (caru), Gothic kara-печаль

Child (cild)

Choose (ceosan), German keisen, Latin gustare, Greek geuein

Dare (durran), OHG turran

Dark (deorc), OHG tarch

Day (daez), German Tag, Gothic dags

Dead (dead), German tot, Gothic daups

Deep (deop), German tier, Gothic dius, Russian дух, душа

Do (don), German tun, Russian деть (<дъть)

Drink (drincan), German trinken, Swedish dricka

Dwell (dwellan), OHG twellen – медлить, мешать

Each (aelc), German jeglich(er)

Ear (eare), German Ohr, Latin auris, Russian ухо

Earnest (eornost), German ernst

Earth (eoroe), German Erde, ON jord

Eat (eatan), German essen, ON eta, Latin edere, Russian есть

Eight (eahta), German acht, Latin octo, Greek okto, Slav. осмь

End (ende), German Ende

Enough (ze-noz), Germ. genu

Even (aefen), German Aben(d)

Fair (faezer), OHG fagar, ON fagr

Fast (faest), German Fest

Father (faeder), German Vater, ON faoir, Gothic fadar, Latin pater, Greek pater, Sansckr. pitar

Fear (faer), German Gefahr

Feather (feoer), German Feder, Greek pteron, Russian птица

Feed (fedan), OHG fuoten

Feel (felan), German fuhlen

Fall (fyllan), German fallen

Find (findan), German finden

Finger (finzer), German Finger

Fire (fyr), German Feuer, Greek pur, Russian пиро-

First (fyrst), German Furst - князь

Fish (fisc), German Fisch, Gothic fiscs, Latin piscis

Five (fif), German funf, Latin quinque, Greek pente, Russian пять

Flat (flet),German Flotz - пол

Flesh (flaesc), German Fleisch, ON flesk - свинина

Flight (flyht), German Flucht - бегство

Float (flota), German Floss, fließen, Greek ple(w)ein), Russian плыть

Flood (flod), German Flut, Greek plotos - плавучий

Fly (fleozan), fliegen, OHG fljuga

Folk (folc), German Volk, ON folk

Follow (folzian), German folgen

Foot (fot), Germ. Fuß, Lat. pes, Greek pous, Russian - под

For (for), German vor (fur), Latin pro, Russian про

Forget (for-zytan), Gerrman vergessen

Forgive (for-zifan), German vergeben

Four (feower), German vier, Latin quattuor, Russian четыре

Free (freo), Germ. frei, Goth. freis

Friend (freond), Germ. Freund, ON frǽndi - родич, Russian - приятель

Frost (forst, frost), German Frost

Full (ful), Germ. voll, Goth. fulls, Lat. plenus, Russian - полный

Game (zamen), OHG gaman, ON gaman

Glad (zlǽd), Germ. glatt, Lat. glaber, Russian - гладкий

Glass (zlǽs), Germ. Glas

Go (zan), Germ. gehen

God (zod), Germ. Gott, ON guo, Goth. guo

Gold (ceald), ON kala, German kalt, Latin gelu

Gold (zold), Germ. Gold, Goth. gulo, Russian - золото

Good (zod), Germ. gut, ON goor, Goth. goos, Russian - годный

Grass (zrǽs), Germ. Gras

Great (zreat), Germ. groß

Green (zrene), Germ. grun

Greet (zretan), Germ. grußen, ON grotian

Grey (zrǽz), Germ. grau, On grar

Ground (zrund), Germ. Grund

Half (healf), Germ.Halb, ON halfr, Goth.halbs

Hand (hand), Germ Hand, Goth. handus, ON hond

Hard (heard), Germ.hart, ON haror, Greek.kratus

Harm (hearm), Germ.Harm, ON harmar

Have (habban), Germ. haben, ON hafa

He (he) Dutch he

Head (heafod), Germ Haupt, ON, haufoo, Goth. haubio

Health (haelou) спасение, Modern English - здоровье

Hear (hyran), Germ.horen, Goth. hausjan, Greek akouein; Russian - акустика

Heart (heorte), Germ.Herz, ON hjarta, Lat.cor, Greek kardia; Russian - сердце

Heaven (heofon), Germ.Himmel, ON himinn

Heavy (hefiz), OHG hefiz, ON hofugr

Hell (hel) Germ. Holle, Goth.halja

Help (helpan) Germ.helfen, Goth.hilpan

High (heah), Germ. hoch, ON har, Goth. hauhs, ON haugr, Russian - курган

Hold (healdan), Germ. halten, ON halda, Goth. haldan

Home (ham), Germ. Heim, ON heimr, Goth. haime

Honey (huniz), Germ. Honig, ON hunang

Hope (hopian), Germ. hoffen

Horse(hors), Germ.Ross (hros), ON hross

Hot (hat), Germ. heiß

House (hus), Germ. Haus, ON hus

Hundred (hund-red), Germ. Hundert, Russian сто, Lat. centum, Greek (he)-katon, Sanskr. catam

Hunger (hunzor), Germ. Hunger, ON hungr

I (ic), Germ. ich, Goth. ik, Lat. ego, Russian - азъ(я)

Idle (idel), Germ. eitel

Kind (cyninz), German Konig, ON konungr, Russian князь

Know (knawan), Latin noscere, Greek gignoskein, Russian знать

Lady (hlǽfdize) - hlaf+dize - несящая хлеб; Gothic di an - месить

Land (land), Germ. Land, ON land, Goth. land

Laugh (hlyhhan), German lachen, Goth. hlahjan

Lay (leczan), Germ. legen

Learn (leornian), Germ. lernen

Leave (lǽfan), Germ bleiben, Goth (bi)-laibjan, ON leifa

Let (lǽtan), Germ. lassen, ON lata, Goth. letan

Lie (leozan), Germ. lugen, Russian - лъгати

Light (lecht), Germ. Licht, Lat. lux, Greek leukos, Russian - луч

Light (leoht), Germ. leicht, ON lettr, Goth. leichts

Like (lician), OHG lihhen, ON lika

Lip (lippa), Germ. Lippe, Swedian lapp, Lat. labia, Russian - лепет

Little (lytel), ON luttil, Dutch lutel, OHG luzzil

Live (libban), Germ. leben, ON lifa

Loaf (hlaf), Germ. Laib, Goth. hlaifs; Russian - хлеб

Long (lanz), Germ. lang, ON langr, Lat. longus

Lord (hlaford) - hlaf+weard - хранить хлеб

Loud (hlud), Germ. laut, Russian - слыть, слово, слух

Love (lufian), Germ. lieben

Man (man), Germ. Mann, ON maor

Many (maniz), Germ. manch, Russian - многий

May (mazan), Germ. mogen, Russian - мочь

Mean (mǽnam), Germ. meinen

Meat (mete), ON matr, Goth. mats

Meet (metan), ON moeta

Middle (middel), Germ. Mittel

Might (mihtiz), Germ. machtig

Mild (milde), Germ. mild, ON mildr

Milk (meolc), Germ. Milch, Goth. miluks

Mind (ze-mynd), Goth. gamunds, Russian память

Miss (mis), ON missir

Month (monao), Ger. Monat, Goth. meno s

Mood (mod), Germ. Mut, Goth. mo s

Moon (mona), Germ. Mond, Lat. mensis, Greek mens

Mother (modor), Germ. Mutter, Lat. Mater, Greek meter, Sanskr matar,

Mouse (mus), Germ. maus, Lat. mus, Russian мышь

Mouth (muo), , Germ. Mund, ON munnr, Goth. munos

Much (micel), Goth. mikils, Greek megas

Must (mob), Germ. mub

Naked (nacod), Germ nackt, Goth. naqa s, Russian нагoй

Name (nama), Germ. Name, Goth. namo, Lat nomen

Need (nyd), Germ. Not, ON nauor, Russian нужда

Needle (naedl), Germ. Nadel, ON nal

Neighbour (neah-ze-bur), Germ. Nachbar

New (niwe), Germ. neu, Lat. novus, Greek neos, Russ. новый

Night (niht), Germ. Nacht, Goth. nahts, Russian ночь, Lat. nox

North (noro), Germ . Nord

Nose (nosu), Germ. Nase, ON nos, Russian нос

Now (nu), Lat. nu(nc), Russian ны(не)

Often (oft), Germ. oft, Goth. ufta

Old (eald), German alt

One (an), German ein, Lat. unus, Gothic ains

Ought (azan) OHG eigan

Our (ure), Germ . unser

Over (ofer), Germ. uber, ober, Greek huper, ON yfir, Goth ufar

Own (azen), German eigen

Penny (penninz), Germ. Pfenig, ON penningr

Pull (pullian), Low Germ. pulen, Danish dial. pulle

Queen (cwen), Gothic gens, Greek gyne, Russian жена

Quick (cwic), Greek bios, Latin vivus, Russian живой

Read (rae-dan), Germ. raten, ON raoa

Ready (rae-de), ON greior, OHG reiti

Red (read), Germ. rot, ON rauor, Goth. rau s, Greek eruthros, Russian рдеть, Ukranian рудий

Rest (rest), Germ. Rast, Goth. rasta

Ride (ridan), Germ. reiten, ON rioa

Right (riht), Germ. Recht, ON rettr, Lat. rectus

Ring (hrinz), Germ. Ring, ON hringr, Old Slav. Russian - круг

Road (rad), OHG reita, ON reio

Rock (roccian), ON rukkian, Danish rokke

Roof (hrof), ON hro, Russian - кров

Root (rote), ON rota, Lat. radix

Run (rinnan), Germ. rinnen, ON rinna

Rush (hryscan), Germ. rauschen - шелестеть

Sad (saed), Germ . satt, Latin sat(is), Russian сытый

Sand (sand), Germ. Sand, ON sandr

Sea (sae), Germ. See, ON saer, Goth. saiw

Shame (scamu), Germ. Scham

Sharp (scearp), Germ. Scharf

Sheep (sceap), Germ. Schaf

Shilling (scillingz), Germ. Schilling

Shine (scinan), Germ. scheinen

Shoot (sceotan), Germ. scheißen

Show (sceawian), Germ. schauen

Silly (saeliz), Germ. selig – блаженный

Song )sanz), Germ Sang

Sorry (sariz), Swedish sarig – больной

Soul (sawol), Germ. Seele

Thank ( ancian), Germ. danken, ON akka

There ( aer), Germ. da

Thick ( icce), Germ. dick

Thief ( eof), Germ. Dieb

Thing ( inz), Germ. Ding, ON ing

Think ( enkan), Germ. denken, ON ekka

Thousand (usend), Germ. tausend, Goth. usundi, Russ. тысяча

Three ( ri, ry, reo), Germ. drei, Lat. tres, Russ. три

Throw ( rawan), Germ. drehen

Under (under), Germ. unter, ON undir

Up (up), Germ. auf

Wake (wacan), Germ. wachen, ON vaka

Wander (wandrian), Germ. wandern

Ward (weard), Germ. Wart, ON wart

Was (were) - (wesan), Germ. ist, Greek esti, Sanskr. asti, Lat. sum, Russian - есмь

Wash (wascan), Germ. waschen

Watch (wǽccan), Germ. wachen

Water (wǽter), Germ. Wasser, Greek hudor, Lat. unda, Russian - вода

Way (wez), Germ. Weg, ON vegr

We (we), Germ. wir (uns), Lat. nos, Sanskr. nas, Russian - нас

Weapon (wǽpu), Germ. Waffe

West (west), Germ. West, ON vestr

Wet (waetan), ON vatr

Wheat (hwǽte), Germ. Weizen, Goth. hwaiteis, Germ. Weizen

White (hwit), Germ. weiß, ON hvitr, Russian - светлый

Whole (hal), Germ. heil, Goth. hails, Russian - целый

Wide (wid), Germ. weit

Widow (wuduwe), Germ. Wittwe, Lat. Vidua, Russian - вдова

Wife (wif), Germ. Weib, ON vif

Wild (wilde), Germ. wild, ON villr

Will (willan), Germ. wollen, Lat. velle, Russian - велеть

Win (winnan), Germ. gewinnen

Wind (wind), Germ. Wind, Lat. ventus, Russian - ветер

Winter (winter), Germ. Winter, Danish vinter

Wise (wise), Germ. Weise

Wonder (wundrian), Germ. wundern

Wood (wudu), OHG witu, ON vior

Word (word), Germ. Wort, Lat. verbum

Work (weorc), Germ. Werk, ON verk, Greek ergon<wergon

World (woruld), Germ. Welt

Wound (wund), Germ wunde

Write (writan), Germ. reißen, ON rita

Yard (zard), Germ. Gerte, Russian - жердь

Year (zear), Germ. Yahr

Young (zeonz), Germ. jung, Lat. juvencus, Russian - юный

^BORROWINGS

^{CELTIC ORROWINGS}

Cart, cradle, dun, dale, bard, bog, fun, glib, shamrock, tory, cosy, glen, loch, mackintosh, plaid, reel, slogan, raid, whiskey, crowd, flannel, kick, wee, billy, bonny.

Winchester, Exeter, Glouscester, Salisbury, Stratford-on-Avon, Thames, Duncomb, Tornhill, Cardigan, Edinburgh, Lincoln.

EARLY LATIN BORROWINGS

Street mile pound cup box

wall acid monger dish mint

pit chest inch kettle turnip

pea pine plum poppy radish

onion mill plant chalk copper

kitchen linen line purple sack

sock candle sponge mule dragon

elephant ass oyster turtle butter

cheese chester port fountain tower

mountain wine

LATIN BORROWINGS OF THE 7^TH C.

Priest, bishop, monk, nun, candle, school, scholar, magistrate.

SCANDINAVIAN BORROWINGS

Anger bore die flake happy scant

bag cake dirt flat harsh scold

band clip drag fog hip scrape

bark club drown freckle hug scream

bask clumsy egg gape kid screech

big cock fast gasp law scrub

bond cosy fellow get leg shrill

booth crawl fidget gift loft skate

bound crook fir gloss nag ski

bow cub fit guess odd skill

bulk cut fizz gun rag skin

bunch dash flag happen rotten skirt

sky slave snug stern take their

them they thrust till ugly want

window wing

LATIN BORROWINGS