vk.com/id446425943 |
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Hydroelectricity |
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Consumption* |
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Growth rate per annum |
Share |
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Million tonnes oil equivalent |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2018 |
2007-17 |
2018 |
|
Canada |
85.4 |
83.4 |
79.5 |
85.0 |
86.0 |
88.7 |
86.6 |
86.5 |
87.6 |
89.7 |
87.6 |
-2.3% |
0.8% |
9.2% |
|
Mexico |
8.9 |
6.0 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
8.8 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
1.7% |
1.5% |
0.8% |
|
US |
56.8 |
61.4 |
58.2 |
71.5 |
62.0 |
60.3 |
57.9 |
55.8 |
59.7 |
67.2 |
65.3 |
-2.7% |
2.0% |
6.9% |
|
Total North America |
151.1 |
150.9 |
146.1 |
164.7 |
155.3 |
155.3 |
153.2 |
149.2 |
154.2 |
164.1 |
160.3 |
-2.3% |
1.3% |
16.9% |
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Argentina |
8.4 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
9.0 |
8.3 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
9.5 |
8.7 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
0.3% |
1.0% |
1.0% |
|
Brazil |
83.6 |
88.5 |
91.3 |
96.9 |
94.0 |
88.5 |
84.5 |
81.4 |
86.2 |
83.9 |
87.7 |
4.5% |
-0.1% |
9.2% |
|
Chile |
5.5 |
5.7 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
5.2 |
8.5% |
-0.5% |
0.6% |
|
Colombia |
10.4 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
11.0 |
10.8 |
10.0 |
10.1 |
10.1 |
10.6 |
13.0 |
12.8 |
-1.2% |
2.6% |
1.4% |
|
Ecuador |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
3.0% |
8.3% |
0.5% |
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Peru |
4.3 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.9 |
5.0 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
6.6 |
7.0 |
5.8% |
4.0% |
0.7% |
|
Trinidad & Tobago |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
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Venezuela |
19.6 |
19.4 |
17.3 |
18.8 |
18.5 |
18.9 |
17.8 |
16.6 |
14.0 |
18.0 |
16.3 |
-9.3% |
-0.4% |
1.7% |
|
Other S. & Cent. America |
19.5 |
19.2 |
20.2 |
20.7 |
21.3 |
22.0 |
20.8 |
20.7 |
22.5 |
22.8 |
22.3 |
-2.0% |
1.6% |
2.4% |
|
Total S. & Cent. America |
153.9 |
157.8 |
158.6 |
168.4 |
165.3 |
160.6 |
155.3 |
151.9 |
155.3 |
163.0 |
165.5 |
1.5% |
0.6% |
17.4% |
|
Austria |
8.7 |
9.3 |
8.7 |
7.7 |
9.9 |
9.5 |
9.3 |
8.4 |
9.0 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
-2.2% |
0.3% |
0.9% |
|
Belgium |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
† |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
5.4% |
-3.6% |
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Czech Republic |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
-13.0% |
-1.1% |
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Finland |
3.9 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.8 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
-10.0% |
0.4% |
0.3% |
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France |
14.4 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
10.1 |
13.3 |
16.0 |
14.2 |
12.3 |
13.6 |
11.1 |
14.5 |
30.5% |
-1.6% |
1.5% |
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Germany |
4.6 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
-16.1% |
-0.5% |
0.4% |
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Greece |
0.7 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
44.4% |
4.3% |
0.1% |
|
Hungary |
† |
0.1 |
† |
0.1 |
† |
† |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
† |
0.1 |
0.5% |
0.5% |
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Italy |
9.4 |
11.1 |
11.6 |
10.4 |
9.5 |
11.9 |
13.2 |
10.0 |
9.2 |
7.8 |
10.4 |
33.4% |
0.5% |
1.1% |
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Netherlands |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
19.1% |
-5.5% |
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Norway |
31.5 |
28.3 |
26.4 |
27.2 |
32.1 |
29.0 |
30.6 |
31.1 |
32.2 |
32.1 |
31.3 |
-2.4% |
0.6% |
3.3% |
|
Poland |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
-23.0% |
0.9% |
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Portugal |
1.5 |
1.9 |
3.7 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
2.0 |
3.6 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
109.4% |
-5.2% |
0.3% |
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Romania |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
21.2% |
-1.0% |
0.4% |
|
Spain |
5.3 |
6.0 |
9.5 |
6.9 |
4.6 |
8.3 |
8.9 |
6.4 |
8.2 |
4.2 |
8.0 |
87.4% |
-3.6% |
0.8% |
|
Sweden |
15.6 |
14.8 |
15.0 |
15.2 |
17.9 |
13.9 |
14.4 |
17.0 |
14.0 |
14.7 |
14.0 |
-4.7% |
-0.2% |
1.5% |
|
Switzerland |
8.2 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
7.3 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
8.6 |
8.7 |
7.8 |
7.7 |
7.9 |
2.1% |
-0.3% |
0.8% |
|
Turkey |
7.5 |
8.1 |
11.7 |
11.8 |
13.1 |
13.4 |
9.2 |
15.2 |
15.2 |
13.2 |
13.5 |
2.2% |
5.0% |
1.4% |
|
Ukraine |
2.6 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
1.9 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
13.6% |
-1.5% |
0.2% |
|
United Kingdom |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
-7.8% |
1.6% |
0.1% |
|
Other Europe |
14.1 |
15.9 |
19.0 |
13.6 |
14.0 |
17.3 |
16.7 |
16.1 |
16.8 |
14.9 |
17.9 |
19.9% |
2.0% |
1.9% |
|
Total Europe |
134.2 |
133.4 |
147.0 |
128.9 |
141.6 |
149.7 |
145.7 |
143.9 |
147.4 |
132.3 |
145.3 |
9.8% |
0.4% |
15.3% |
|
Azerbaijan |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
1.2% |
-3.0% |
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Belarus |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
0.1 |
0.1 |
12.9% |
27.7% |
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Kazakhstan |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
-7.6% |
3.2% |
0.2% |
|
Russian Federation |
37.3 |
39.4 |
37.7 |
36.9 |
37.0 |
41.0 |
39.2 |
38.0 |
41.8 |
41.9 |
43.0 |
2.6% |
0.5% |
4.5% |
|
Turkmenistan |
† |
† |
† |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
-100.0% |
– |
|
Uzbekistan |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
-10.3% |
1.7% |
0.2% |
|
Other CIS |
6.5 |
6.4 |
6.9 |
7.6 |
7.6 |
7.4 |
7.2 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
7.7 |
8.0 |
4.0% |
0.2% |
0.8% |
|
Total CIS |
47.0 |
49.4 |
49.1 |
48.1 |
48.2 |
51.9 |
50.0 |
48.8 |
53.1 |
54.3 |
55.4 |
2.0% |
0.5% |
5.8% |
|
Iran |
1.7 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
2.4 |
-37.5% |
-0.4% |
0.3% |
|
Iraq |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
42.8% |
-7.1% |
0.1% |
|
Israel |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
– |
5.8% |
|
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Kuwait |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Oman |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Qatar |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Saudi Arabia |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
United Arab Emirates |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Other Middle East |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
-4.9% |
-10.6% |
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|
Total Middle East |
3.1 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
4.8 |
5.3 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
-26.9% |
-2.5% |
0.4% |
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Algeria |
0.1 |
0.1 |
† |
0.1 |
0.1 |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
† |
108.9% |
-13.0% |
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Egypt |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
0.6% |
-0.6% |
0.3% |
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Morocco |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
42.9% |
2.8% |
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South Africa |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
5.0% |
-11.2% |
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Other Africa |
18.0 |
18.5 |
20.3 |
20.8 |
21.5 |
22.7 |
24.1 |
23.5 |
22.9 |
24.7 |
26.4 |
6.9% |
3.5% |
2.8% |
|
Total Africa |
22.0 |
22.6 |
24.3 |
25.0 |
25.1 |
26.6 |
28.0 |
27.2 |
26.4 |
28.2 |
30.1 |
6.6% |
2.7% |
3.2% |
|
Australia |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
3.9 |
27.6% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
|
Bangladesh |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
-14.0% |
3.2% |
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China |
144.1 |
139.3 |
161.0 |
155.7 |
195.2 |
205.8 |
237.8 |
252.2 |
261.0 |
263.6 |
272.1 |
3.2% |
9.2% |
28.7% |
|
China Hong Kong SAR |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
India |
26.1 |
24.1 |
24.6 |
29.8 |
26.2 |
29.9 |
31.5 |
30.2 |
29.0 |
30.7 |
31.6 |
2.9% |
1.0% |
3.3% |
|
Indonesia |
2.6 |
2.6 |
3.9 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
-11.9% |
5.1% |
0.4% |
|
Japan |
16.8 |
15.6 |
19.7 |
18.3 |
17.2 |
17.7 |
18.1 |
19.0 |
18.1 |
17.9 |
18.3 |
2.2% |
0.6% |
1.9% |
|
Malaysia |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
5.5 |
4.7% |
14.5% |
0.6% |
|
New Zealand |
5.1 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
5.7 |
5.2 |
5.2 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
5.9 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
4.5% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
|
Pakistan |
6.1 |
6.4 |
6.7 |
6.9 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
7.3 |
7.4 |
7.8 |
6.9 |
8.1 |
18.1% |
-0.4% |
0.9% |
|
Philippines |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
-2.3% |
1.2% |
0.2% |
|
Singapore |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
South Korea |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
4.0% |
-2.5% |
0.1% |
|
Sri Lanka |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.4 |
58.6% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
|
Taiwan |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
-18.0% |
2.1% |
0.1% |
|
Thailand |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
62.1% |
-5.2% |
0.2% |
|
Vietnam |
5.9 |
6.8 |
6.2 |
9.3 |
11.9 |
13.0 |
13.8 |
12.9 |
14.5 |
16.0 |
18.3 |
13.9% |
12.2% |
1.9% |
|
Other Asia Pacific |
7.8 |
7.7 |
9.3 |
10.6 |
10.8 |
12.1 |
12.0 |
11.3 |
13.1 |
13.6 |
14.2 |
4.7% |
6.3% |
1.5% |
|
Total Asia Pacific |
225.5 |
218.5 |
247.7 |
252.5 |
289.4 |
308.9 |
341.9 |
354.1 |
368.1 |
373.2 |
388.9 |
4.2% |
6.8% |
41.0% |
|
Total World |
736.8 |
735.4 |
776.8 |
791.8 |
829.7 |
858.3 |
878.7 |
878.9 |
909.1 |
919.9 |
948.8 |
3.1% |
2.8% |
100.0% |
|
of which: OECD |
301.1 |
298.3 |
306.8 |
313.6 |
315.1 |
319.7 |
314.8 |
311.1 |
317.8 |
314.6 |
321.3 |
2.1% |
0.8% |
33.9% |
|
Non-OECD |
435.7 |
437.1 |
470.0 |
478.2 |
514.6 |
538.6 |
563.9 |
567.8 |
591.3 |
605.3 |
627.5 |
3.7% |
4.0% |
66.1% |
|
European Union |
75.2 |
75.9 |
85.2 |
70.8 |
76.1 |
84.0 |
84.8 |
76.9 |
78.8 |
67.4 |
78.0 |
15.7% |
-0.5% |
8.2% |
*Based on gross primary hydroelectric generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency in a thermal power station.
†Less than 0.05.Less than 0.05%.
Hydroelectricity data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 |
49 |
vk.com/id446425943 |
Hydroelectricity consumption by region |
Nuclear energy consumption by region |
Million tonnes oil equivalent
|
Rest of world |
700 |
|
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Asia Pacific |
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CIS |
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|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
North America |
|
|
600 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
500 |
400
300
200
100
Million tonnes oil equivalent
|
Asia Pacific |
1000 |
|
|
|||
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
||
900 |
|||
|
CIS |
||
|
|
||
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
||
|
S. & Cent. America |
|
|
|
|
||
800 |
|||
|
North America |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93 |
98 |
03 |
08 |
13 |
18 |
0 |
93 |
98 |
03 |
08 |
13 |
18 |
0 |
||||||||
Nuclear consumption increased by 2.4% in 2018. China (10 mtoe) accounted for almost three quarters of global growth. In fact, nuclear consumption in China has more than quadrupled in the last 10 years. The largest declines were recorded in South Korea (-3 mtoe) and Belgium (-3 mtoe).
World hydroelectric consumption rose by 3.1%, slightly above the 10-year average (2.8%). China (8 mtoe) and Brazil (4 mtoe) posted the largest contributions. Asia Pacific’s global share has increased significantly in recent years: in 2018 Asia Pacific accounted for 41% of global consumption, 20 years ago it accounted for only 20%.
Renewables consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalent
|
Asia Pacific |
600 |
|
|
|||
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Middle East |
|
|
550 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
CIS |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
||
500 |
|||
|
S. & Cent. America |
||
|
North America |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
Renewables generation by source
Terawatt-hours
|
Solar |
2500 |
|
|
|||
|
Wind |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
||
2250 |
|||
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98 |
00 |
02 |
04 |
06 |
08 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
0 |
98 |
00 |
02 |
04 |
06 |
08 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
18 |
0 |
|
Renewable energy in power generation (excluding hydro) increased by 14% in 2018, slightly below 10-year average growth (16%). However, its increase in energy terms (71 mtoe) was slightly below the record-breaking increase of 2017. China accounted for 45% of global growth and its consumption has increased 20-fold in the last 10 years.
Wind (142 TWh) contributed more to renewable generation growth than solar (131 TWh). Wind has accounted for around 50% of renewables generation in the last few years. Solar has constantly increased its share and now represents 24%, 13 percentage points higher than in 2013.
50 |
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 |