Infinitive

Инфинитив - форма глагола, которая называет действие и отвечает на вопросы что делать? что сделать? (to write – писать, to answer - отвечать).

Формальным признаком инфинитива в английском языке является частица to, но в некоторых случаях инфинитив употребляется без частицы to. Частица not указывает на отрицательную форму инфинитива.

Изучите следующие формы Infinitive:

Infinitive	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Indefinite	to change	to be changed
Perfect	to have changed	to have been changed
Continuous	to be changing	-
Perfect Continuous	to have been changing	-

Инфинитив может выполнять самые разнообразные функции в предложении, т.е. стоять в разных местах, и, соответственно, переводиться предложения будут по-разному.

Функции инфинитива	Пример	Перевод
Подлежащее	To read much is to know much.	Много читать – значит много знать.
Часть простого сказуемого	I’ll read much in summer.	Летом я буду много читать.
Часть сложного глагольного сказуемого	We must read much. I began to read much when I was 10.	Нам надо много читать. Я начал много читать, когда мне было 10 лет.
Часть составного именного сказуемого	My wish is to read much.	Мое желание – много читать.
Дополнение	I decided to read much.	Я решила много читать.
Определение	In my class I was the first to read this book.	В моем классе я первая прочла эту книгу.
Обстоятельство	I go to the reading-hall to read books.	Я хожу в читальный зал, чтобы читать.

9. Read, translate and mark (отметьте) Active and Passive Infinitives:

1. They were happy to take part in our experiments.

2. He was happy to be working with the famous scientist.

3. Water may be used to drive dynamos which generate electricity.

4. The workers will use powerful machinery to assembler these huge units.

5 The new channel to be constructed here will be the longest in the country.

6. Another reason to consider is the absence of necessary facilities for the experiment.

7. The problem to be discussed is connected with the city water supply system.

8. This method is not good enough to be used everywhere.

10. Read text B without dictionary and answer the question. Why is the necessary to control the water table?

Text B

Drainage in Arid Regions

An ideal soil is one which is never water logged in summer. It makes the excessive moisture go down and it stores up sufficient moisture to be used by plants in times of drought. Drainage helps to create these favorable conditions.

One of the main things to be considered in drainage is the water table. When the water table is closed to the surface soil water together with dissolved salts moves upwards to the drier soil surface. When this salty water evaporates, the salt rapidly accumulates on the soil surface. After this no plant can grow. There is complete failure of agriculture when salt becomes excessive or the ground water becomes too high. Water logging and salinity usually go hand and hand.

The basis questions to be answered in drainage are: Where is the water table now? Is it raise or static? What artificial works are required to control it at a safe level? What will be the cost?

In a soil that is saturated nearly to the surface in spring and early summer, to plant roots spread out near the surface. When summer droughts come the water table falls below this root zone and the crop gets little moisture. In a well drained land, the roots go down deeper and thus the plants are able to grow even in time of summer droughts.

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11. Speak about Drainage.