- •I. Us government
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •II. Executive branch: president, vice-president and the cabinet
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Duties of the President and Vice-President
- •Federal departments (the cabinet)
- •5. Match the departments (left column) with their responsibilities (right column):
- •Speak on:
- •III. Legislative branch: the congress
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •6. Speak on:
- •IV. The judicial system of the u.S.A.
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •Match each word on the left with the definition on the right:
- •Unit II
- •Vocabulary:
- •Give the Russian words with the same stem:
- •Find the English equivalents for:
- •Write these sentences in the Passive Voice form and translate them into Russian:
- •Read the text without a dictionary and try to catch the main idea:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read and translate the text: us constitution II
- •Vocabulary:
- •Complete the following text with the words and phrases using them in the appropriate form (you may use the text above):
- •10. Find the English equivalents for:
- •11. Speak on:
- •The bill of rights
- •Read and translate the text:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Discuss the following questions:
- •III. Checks and balances
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the English equivalents for:
- •2. Choose the correct answer:
- •3. Shorten the text above writing out the key sentences from it and try to retell it.
- •4. Read the text without a dictionary. Try to catch the main idea: the separation of powers in state government
- •Vocabulary:
- •5. Say if the following statements are true or false (see the text above):
- •Unit III.
- •Major political parties
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Give the English equivalents for:
- •3. Match each word on the left with the right definition on the right:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text without a dictionary. Try to catch the main idea:
- •Vocabulary:
- •6. Say what party is spoken about in each sentence:
- •7. Speak on:
- •Elections
- •1. Read and translate the text:
- •Supplementary reading federalism: state and local governments
- •Political attitudes
- •Courts in the united states
- •Cost of government
- •The constitution as a supreme law
- •The lawmaking process
- •Power in international relations
- •Elections
- •Библиографический список
2. Answer the questions:
What is the Bill of Rights?
What rights does the first amendment guarantee?
Who can be called a citizen of the U.S.A.?
When does a new President take office?
For how many terms can the same President be elected?
3. Discuss the following questions:
1. What is the difference between the American Constitution and the Bill of Rights?
2. What amendment would you add to the Constitution of the U.S.A.?
III. Checks and balances
1. Read and translate the text:
T he U.S. Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches.
When a new state- the U.S.A. - was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of a government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That’s why James Madison (1751-1836) favoured the Constitution that limited government by means of
separation of powers
a system of checks and balances, where checks- limitation of the duties of each branch, and balances- separate powers to each branch.
Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they too must be approved by the Senate.
The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. In the US, therefore, when people think of “the government”, they usually mean the whole system, that is, the Executive Branch and the President, the Congress, and the Courts.
In fact and in practice, therefore, the President (i.e. “the Administration”) is not as powerful as many people think he is. In comparison with other leaders in systems where the majority party forms “the government”, he is even less powerful.
Vocabulary:
checks and balances - система сдержек и противовесов
separation of powers - разделение полномочий
to veto - наложить вето
to favour - поддерживать
to request – требовать
1. Give the English equivalents for:
- сбалансированные полномочия;
- посредством;
- правительственная политика;
- в свою очередь;
- на практике;
- партия большинства.
2. Choose the correct answer:
1. Why is the system of checks and balances necessary?
a) because it separates the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government
b) because it keeps any branch from using too much power or misusing it and makes each branch check on the others
c) because it limits the President’s powers.
2. What is the role of the compromise in the American system of running a country?
a) it helps the Congress to pass a law
b) it protects against extreme in government policies
c) it helps the President to veto any act of the Congress