Inostrannyy_yazyk_anglysky_-_UP_British_State

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Учебное пособие

Ирина Владимировна Эделева

BRITISH STATE SYSTEM

Редактор Л.П. Десяткина

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Лицензия РБ на издательскую деятельность № 0261 от 10 апреля 1998 года.

Подписано в печать _____ 200 ___ г. Формат _____. Бумага типографская. Гарнитура Таймс. Уст.печ.л. ______ Уст.изд.л.

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Издательство Башкирского государственного аграрного университета. Типография Башкирского государственного аграрного университета. Адрес издательства в типографии: 450001, г. Уфа, ул. 50 лет Октября, 34

Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации

ФГОУ ВПО «БАШКИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

И.В. Эделева

BRITISH STATE SYSTEM

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ»

УФА Издательство БГАУ

2007

УДК 811.111(07)

ББК 81.2 Англ (Я7)

Э 19

Рекомендуется к изданию Редакционно-издательским советом БГАУ

Автор: И.В. Эделева

Рецензенты: зав. кафедрой ГМУ Башгосагроуниверситета, кандидат юридических наук, профессор Ханнанова Т.Р.; кандидат филологических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка Башгоспедуниверситета им. М. Акмуллы Амирова О.Г.

Э 19 British state system: Учебное пособие. – Уфа:

Башгосагроуниверситет, 2007. – 100 с.

ISBN 5-7456-0094-2

Цель пособия – развитие и совершенствование навыков чтения англоязычной специализированной литературы у студентов, изучающих государственное и муниципальное управление

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Part II

Supplementary reading

1.The concept and history of constitution…………….. 73

2.Characteristics of constitutions……………………... 74

3.From the history of monarchy………………………. 76

4.The Queen’s role in the Commonwealth……………. 77

5.The future of the British monarchy?.……………….. 78

6.Lord Chancellor – why is the post being scrapped?.... 80

7.Types of bills………………………………………... 81

8.Who governs Britain?.………………………………. 82

9. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet………………… 83

10.The principles of government……………………….. 85

11.Government Departments…………………………… 86

12.The Privy Council…………………………………... 88

13.Standing as a candidate at an election………………. 89

14. Ways to vote………………………………………… 90

15.Polling day………………………………………….. 91

16.By-elections…………………………………………. 91 Appendix ………………………………………………… 93

Sources of information………………………………... 97

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CONTENTS

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От автора

Предлагаемое учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, специализирующихся в области государственного и муниципального управления. Его цель – сформировать навыки чтения и работы с литературой по специальности на современных аутентичных текстах, обработанных и адаптированных для студентов данного профиля.

Пособие состоит из двух частей и приложения. Первая часть включает тексты для изучающего чтения с упражнениями

итематически строится из 9 уроков. Тематика текстов разнообразна и охватывает государственный строй Великобритании, историю и структуру британского парламента, систему правительства, государственную службу, британскую конституцию, основные политические партии, избирательную систему. Для облегчения работы после каждого текста приводится список наиболее сложных слов и выражений из текста с переводом на русский язык и, если необходимо, с пояснением. Вторая часть пособия содержит тексты для внеаудиторного чтения, предназначенные для самостоятельной работы, и по содержанию дополняют изучаемые в первой части пособия тексты, способствуя дальнейшему закреплению и овладению специальной лексикой.

Активная лексика урока закрепляется в ходе выполнения послетекстовых лексических упражнений. Это упражнения на нахождение эквивалентов, поиск синонимов и антонимов, работу с дефинициями. Имеются также упражнения на отдельные словообразовательные модели, что позволяет расширить потенциальный словарный запас студентов. Среди грамматических упражнений преобладают упражнения на идентификацию и объяснение отдельных грамматических форм

иявлений и перевод предложений с ними. Вопросно-ответная форма работы над текстами позволяет успешно развивать навыки устной ре

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UNIT 1

GENERAL

Task 1. Read and translate the text.

Britain is a multiparty democracy (state system). It's complex and unique as it is the product of a long period of historical development which resulted in the Glorious Revolution and establishment of the Crowned Republic in 1688. The absence of a revolutionary upheaval since then, i.e. for more than 300 years, the lack of a document known as a written constitution, the tendency to preserve outward forms when the inner substance is changed — all this makes the English polity both complex and unique.

Officially Great Britain is a state of the constitutional monarchy. That means that at the head of the state is monarch (Queen or King). But the power of the Queen is not absolute, it is greatly limited by Parliament.

British polity comprises three main ruling bodies — monarchy, parliament and government. The oldest of the three institutions is monarchy. In many countries their constitution enforce a strict separation between the three branches of power — the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. Britain has some separation but not very much. The legal system is independent to a large degree: although the government of the day appoints judges, it cannot interfere with their work and it cannot get rid of those appointed by the previous government. But the executive and the legislature are not separate at all. In fact, the former is part of the latter, because government is formed within Parliament. Judiciary is also performed by Parliament.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1.Гуманова Ю.Л. и др. Just English. The State of Britain.

Английский для юристов и политологов: Углубленный курс. – М.: КНОРУС, 2006. – 200 с.

2.Нестерова Н.М. Страноведение: Великобритания. – Ростов н/Д.: Феникс, 2005. – 368 с.

3.Рум А.Р.У. Великобритания: Лингвострановедческий словарь. – М.: Рус. яз., 1999. – 560 с.

4.http://www.britannia.com/gov/primes/

5.http://www.conservatives.com

6.http://www.labour.org.uk

7. http://www.libdems.org.uk

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Notes to the text:

Glorious Revolution – «Славная революция» (1688-1689). upheaval – переворот

polity – государственное устройство, форма правления the former – первый (из двух названных)

the latter – последний (из двух названных)

Task 2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations: многопартийный, учреждение

(основание), быть ограниченным, включать, органы правления, исполнительный, законодательный, судебный, законодательство (2 выражения), независимый, в большей степени, назначать, мешать чему-либо, выполнять.

Task 3. Find synonyms from the text to the following words: total, to include, to make obligatory, legislature, autonomous, to carry out, division.

Task 4. Answer the questions:

1.Why is the British state system considered complex and unique?

2.How is the British state system defined officially?

3.What are the main ruling bodies in Great Britain?

4.What are the three branches of power in Great Britain?

5.Are these branches strictly separated?

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UNIT 2

MONARCHY

Task 1. Read and translate the text.

Ancient institution

The monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the United Kingdom, going back at least to the 9th century. The Queen can trace her descent from the Saxon King Egbert, who united all England under his sovereignty in 829. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once by a republic that lasted only 11 years (1649-1660). Monarchy is founded on the hereditary principle and it has never been abandoned. The succession passed automatically to the oldest male child or, in the absence of males, to the oldest female offspring of the monarch. Quite recently the rules of descent have been changed. Now the succession passes to the oldest child irrespective of its sex.

The coronation of the sovereign follows some months or a year after the accession. The ceremony has remained much the same in substance for over 1000 years. It consists of recognition and acceptance of the new monarch by the people; the taking by the monarch of an oath of royal duties; the anointing and crowning (after communion); and the rendering of homage by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal.

The coronation service, conducted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, is held at Westminster Abbey in the presence of representatives of the Lords, the Commons and all the great public interests in the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister and leading members of the Commonwealth countries, representatives of foreign states.

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English Monarchs since 15th century

Stuart

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милостью Королева Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии и других Ее Царств и Территорий, Глава Содружества, Защитница Веры»

exercise – 1) выполнять, осуществлять, пользоваться; 2) выполнение, осуществление

Task 2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations: быть основанным,

наследственный, право наследования, официальное признание, принятие, дать клятву, королевские обязанности, коронование, духовные лорды, светские лорды, проводить, архиепископ, представитель, постановление парламента, пользоваться властью, непосредственное исполнение, уменьшаться, конституционная монархия.

Task 3. Find nouns with the suffix -ty in the text and say from what words they are formed. Form some more nouns with the help of the same suffix -(i)ty and translate them: royal, major, proper, cruel, safe, public, national, personal, minor, popular, formal, responsible, stable, real, active.

Task 4. Answer the questions:

1.How old is the institution of monarchy?

2.How is it defined who is next to the British crown?

3.What does the ceremony of coronation consist of?

4.Who is usually present at the coronation service?

5.What is the Queen’s title?

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APPENDIX

British Prime Ministers since 1940:

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from the media, and they are regarded as a test of national opinion. The results are often very different from those of general elections and are much discussed by politicians and political commentators who are trying to use the voting figures to predict the result of the next general election.

(800)

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Task 5. Read and translate the text.

Functions and powers

The monarch in law is the head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Crown and the temporal head of the established Church of England. But the Crown is only sovereign by the will of Parliament, and the Queen acts on the advice of her ministers which she cannot constitutionally ignore. And in most matters of state the refusal of the Queen to exercise her power according to the direction of her Prime Minister would risk a serious constitutional crisis. That's why it is often said that the monarch reigns but does not rule.

Nevertheless, the functions of the monarch are politically important. The powers of the monarch are to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament; to give royal assent to legislation passed by Parliament. The Queen is the "fountain of justice" and as such can, on the advice of the Home Secretary, pardon or show mercy to convicted criminals. As the "fountain of honour" the Queen confers peerages, knighthoods and other honours. She makes appointments to many important state offices. She appoints or dismisses government ministers, judges, governors, members of diplomatic corps. As the Commander-in-Chief of the armed services (the Royal Navy, the Army and the Royal Air Force) she appoints officers, and as temporal head of the established Church of England she makes appointments to the leading positions in the Church.

In international affairs as Head of the State the Queen has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war and to make peace, to recognize foreign states and governments, and to annexe and cede territories.

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Notes to the text:

to prorogue – назначать перерыв в работе парламента the Royal Navy – ВМС Великобритании

the Royal Air Force – ВВС Великобритании to conclude treaties – заключать договора to annexe – присоединять

to cede – передавать, уступать

Task 6. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations: законодательство,

главнокомандующий вооруженным силами, монарх (2 слова),

(2 слова), присваивать (звания, титулы), звание пэра, рыцарское звание, почести, назначать, заключать договор, объявлять войну, заключить мир.

Task 7. Complete Table 1 with antonyms and Table 2 with

Task 8. Answer the questions:

1.Why is it said that the monarch reigns but does not rule?

2.What are the powers of a monarch?

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15 Polling day

Every constituency is divided into a number of polling districts, each of them having a polling station. Voting is by secret ballot. The ballot paper lists the names of the candidates. Candidates of registered political parties may include their party name and emblem but other candidates can only be described as independent. Voting takes place in a booth, which is screened to maintain secrecy. The voter marks the ballot paper with a cross in the box opposite the name of the candidate of his or her choice, and folds the paper before placing it in the ballot box. Then the ballot boxes are sealed and delivered to the central point, usually a public building such as a town hall, where the count is to take place. Each ballot box is emptied and the votes are counted.

Polls close at 10 pm and the votes are, in most constituencies, counted immediately. The earliest results will be declared by about 11 pm, with most being declared by 3 am; some constituencies do not declare their results until the following day.

(1000)

16 By-elections

In between general elections, by-elections are held when it is necessary to elect a new Member of Parliament to an individual constituency.

A parliamentary by-election is held when a seat falls vacant in the House of Commons, because an MP dies, resigns or can no longer fulfil his duties for some other reason, such as being made a member of the House of Lords. By tradition, the Procedure for initiating a by-election is usually started by the political party which held the seat before the vacancy.

By-elections sometimes attract a great deal of attention