Vocabulary:
an agreement- соглашение
loose agreement- свободное соглашение
taxation- налогообложение
freedom of religion; speech; press- свобода вероисповеданий; слова; печати
unreasonable search; arrest- необоснованный обыск; арест
strong attitude- жесткая позиция
United Nations Charter- Устав ООН (Организации Объединенных Наций)
ultimate power- необоснованно большая власть
Complete the following text with the words and phrases using them in the appropriate form (you may use the text above):
jury; branch; Bill of Rights; to adopt; religion; to guard; power; Congress; to divide; amendments; to assemble; citizens; President; arrests; executive; rights; seizures; document; speech; legislature; freedoms; judiciary; founding fathers; system of.
When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states. Because the a) ____ of the Constitution saw that the future might bring a need for changes, they b) ____ a method of adding c) ____. Over the years 26 amendments have been added, but the basic d) ____ has not been written. The pattern of government planned so long ago for 13 states today meets the needs of 50 states.
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, called the e) ____ assure individual f) ____ and g) ____. Added in 1791, they include provisions for freedom of the h) ____ and of i) ____; the right of citizens to j) ____ peacefully; the right to be k) ____ in one’s own home against unreasonable l) ____ and m) ____ of person or property; the right of any person charged with n) ____ the law to have a speedy trial by a o) ____ of fellow p) ____.
The Constitution q) ____ the powers of the government into three branches: the r) ____ headed by the s) ____; the t) ____, which includes both houses of u) ____ (the Senate and the House of Representatives) and the v) ____ which is headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution limits the role of each w) ____ to prevent any one branch from gaining undue x) ____.
10. Find the English equivalents for:
- пересмотреть документ;
- действовать в соответствии с соглашением;
- управлять своими собственными делами;
- принять конституцию;
- определить чьи-либо полномочия и обязанности;
- действовать в рамках конституции;
- получить необоснованно большую власть;
- свобода собраний;
-захват собственности;
- удовлетворять требованиям;
- суд присяжных заседателей;
- влияние;
- отголосок.
11. Speak on:
1. The Constitution of your country.
The bill of rights
Read and translate the text:
On December 1791, the Congress put in the amendment process and adopted 10 amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. Amendments can change or add rights and restrictions to the Constitution.
Amendment 1. Freedom of Religion, Speech, the Press and Assembly
W
e
can follow any religion: we can say our thoughts, write articles in
newspapers, meet in groups.
Amendment 2. The Right to Have Guns
We can have guns for protection. State governments make laws about buying and keeping guns.
Amendment 3. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment 4. Searchers and Warrants
Police need a court order (search warrant, issued by a judge) to make any search or any arrest.
Amendment 5. Rights of People Accused of a Crime, and Protection of Private Property.
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law.
No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.
Amendment 6. Right to a Fair Trial and Witness.
If you are accused of a crime, you have the right to know why. You have the right to a speedy and public trial with a jury. You have the trial in the state where the crime happened. You can have the private lawyer or the court will give you a lawyer.
Amendment 7. Assures trial by jury in civil cases.
Amendment 8. Bails, Fines and Punishment
A judge cannot make you pay an unfair bail or an unfair fine. A judge or jury or the police cannot give you unfair punishment.
Amendment 9. The People Keep Some Right
The Constitution lists many rights of the people, but it doesn’t list all the rights. The People have other rights, too.
Amendment 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Amendments 11-26
Amendment 11. Citizens of one state or a foreign country cannot bring a case against another state in a federal court.
Amendment 12. We elect the President and Vice-President separately.
Amendment 13. There is no more slavery in the U.S.
Amendment 14. All people born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens.
Amendment 15. Black people have the right to vote.
Amendment 16. Congress can make a law for an income tax.
Amendment 17. We elect Senators directly with our votes.
Amendment 18. Prohibition of intoxicating liquors.
Amendment 19. Women have the right to vote.
Amendment 20. A new President takes office on January 20.
Amendment 21.The terms of Senators and Representatives begin on January, 3.
Amendment 22. We can elect the same President for two terms. Each term is for 4 years.
Amendment 23. Citizens of Washington, D.C., can vote for the President and the Vice president.
Amendment 24. We do not have to pay a voting tax.
Amendment 25. If the President dies or resigns, the Vice-President becomes President. This amendment also tells the order for other important government officials to become President if something happens to the Vice-President.
Amendment 26. Citizens eighteen years old or older can vote.
Vocabulary:
to quarter- квартировать, селиться
a warrant- ордер
to deprive - лишать
Fair Trial - справедливый суд
a bail- залог, освобождение под залог
a fine- денежное взыскание, штраф
slavery- рабство
an income tax- подоходный налог