Infinitive phrases

The infinitive may be used in combination with how, when, where, what, who, which, whether, if. This combination is called the infinitive phrase.

how

when to do smth

why

where

what

who to take (choose)

which

whether

if to do smth

The infinitive phrase is used in the sentence as:

- the subject

* How to get across was the problem.

- the predicative

* The difficulty was how to explain her absence.

- the object

* She wondered whom to ask to the party.

- the attribute

* She gave me a long explanation of how to do it.

Ex. 1. State the form of the infinitive.

1. Aunt Ann didn't ask him to explain this strange utterance. (Galsw.) 2. I would give a great deal to know what is behind that affair. (A. Chr.) 3. With a woman's instinct when the trouble is to be faced she went to the battle with a glance as courageous as old Jolyon's itself. (Galsw.) 4. There is only one more incident to be related here, and it happens seven years farther on. (F. F.) 5. But these people are illogical, they want to be reassured by your telling them what they want to believe. (A. Chr.) 6. "When you've got time to listen," he said crossly, "you might be interested in discussing the poor house question with me." (F. F.) 7. Now he discussed what he ought to have said instead of what he said. (S. M.) 8. "Damn," said Lord Caterham, springing up from an armchair in which he appeared to have been taking forty winks. (A. Chr.) 9. I say to you — I believe them to be burnt. (A. Chr.) 10. "Dear me," said Virginia, "I seem to have been frightfully indiscreet." (A. Chr.) 11. I was not going to have come all this way for nothing... (M. D.) 12. "The sound was very slight," said Virginia. "It might have been just my imagination." (A. Chr.) 13. The twist of her imagination which, two months before, had disclosed to her unguessed desire to see him again, seemed now to have been leading up to this dance. (F. F.) 14. To be able to sift evidence impartially, to take the facts and look at them as facts that seems to me the only logical method of arriving at the truth. (A. Chr.) 15. Though his father is known to have been either English or Irish, he himself has worked chiefly in Paris. (A. Chr.) 16. At that hour people were less likely to be coming in or going out. (Un. Is.) 17. It is possible that you in England may not even have heard of our famous and fantastic King Victor. (A. Chr.) 18. "It is a very curious thing," he said slowly, "but Miss Marple happens to have hit upon the truth." (A. Chr.) 19. I felt she must be suffering, and I did not want to see a pain which I could not help. (S. M.) 20. Well, I thought it would be a good thing if I was thought to be going. (A. Chr.)

Ex. 2. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form of the active or passive voice.

1. And now that she was going to live in the country there was a chance for her (to turn) over a new leaf. (Galsw.) 2. There was something about a dress in her bag that had (to iron). (J. Sal.) 3. We seem (to say) all there is (to say) — except good night. (A. Chr.) 4. I wanted no one (to take) notice of me, so that I could observe these famous creatures at my ease... (S. M.) 5. "Well," he said, "there's nothing more (to see) here." (A. Chr.) 6. Did he ever ask you (to engage) or talk about marrying? (Cus.) 7. I wanted (to persuade) her (to clear) things up — I mean to let things (to clear) up by you. (A. Chr.) 8. She seemed (to lose) heart in the business after that. (J. K. J.) 9. She would forgive him, because it was not a matter of any moment but rather something (to brush) aside lightly. (F. F.) 10. Henet was one of those people whose fate is (to devote) to others and to have no one devoted to them, (A. Chr.) 11. She asked this as she might (to ask) such a question a few years ago. (F. F.) 12. So it was with the idea of concealed dictaphones in mind, dictaphones which could (to turn on) by the pressure of a toe. Thus loyalty could (to check) several times a day. (F. F.) 13. I hoped that I should never (to send) to that war. (M. D.) 14. Outside men's voices could (to hear). (S. M.) 15. The cows wound into the yard at evening (to milk). (White)

Ex. 3. Use the infinitive in brackets in the perfect or non-perfect form.

1. She was relieved (to feel) she need not investigate, and probably would never hear the reason for this quarrel. (White) 2. She had tried (to give) her a ring for Christmas, and failing that, got her (to accept) a gold watch but that must (to cost) two hundred dollars. (F. F.) 3. I started (to walk) on tiptoe. (J. Rh.) 4. She is not likely (to take) him into her confidence. (A. Chr.) 5. I've tried (to plan) you a house here with some self-respect of its own. (Galsw.) 6. She would appear to listen and would remember nothing inconvenient, since her mind was sure (to be dwelling) on some problem connected with the children all the time. (A. Chr.) 7. We must (to sit) there, with scarcely a word, for well over an hour. (F. F.) 8. What happened is a very long time ago, I'm going (to ask) her to let bygones be bygones. (Galsw.) 9. If she had done so, she would have been sure (to mention) the fact at once. (A. Chr.) 10. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters' (to hang up) their children's stockings and (to fill) them with inexpensive toys. (Un. Is.) 11. He promised (to come) and (to see) them before he left. (Un. Is.) 12.The big chandelier should (to be flooded) with light; but instead, all that happened was the clink of the switch. The room remained in darkness. (A. Chr.) 13. She watched him with lips parted ready (to speak) at any minute. (J. M.) 14. I am a person who likes (to cross) a "t" and dot an "i". (S. M.) 15.1 had no cases of special interest (to attend). (A. Chr.) 16. Regret would ripen into guilt, until he remembered her mother, who took so much upon herself, would (to be taken) care of. (White) 17. "Everyone seems (to be dying)," she said with a certain relish. (A. Chr.) 18. Irene's gone upstairs with a splitting headache. She wanted (to go) with you but I made her (to go) to bed. (F. F.)

Ex. 4. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form of the active voice.

1. She would (to speak) to Soames — would (to put) him on his guard. (Galsw.) 2. Tomorrow is going (to be) different from what anything in the past has been. (A. H.) 3. Poirot seemed (to debate) the matter in his mind. (A. Chr.) 4. Bosinney's office was in Sloane Street, close at hand, so that he would be able (to keep) his eye continually on the plans. (Galsw.) 5. "King Victor?" he said reflectively ... "Somehow, I seem (to hear) the name." (A. Chr.) 6. I want (to see) w-hat's going on outside. (A. H.) 7. (To make) matters worse, all during the month of August she had been visited by her cousin Bernice from Ean Claire, and it seemed impossible (to see) her alone. (F. F.) 8. "I perceive," said Jolyon, "that you are trying (to kill) two birds with one stone." (Galsw.) 9. Victor dug me in the ribs. "You're supposed (to take) notes. You can (to write) this one up if you like." (M. D.) 10. You will express to your people my regrets at not being able (to be) of service to them. (D. Rob.) 11. Soames liked (to talk) during dinner about business or what he had been buying and so long as he talked Irene's silence didn't distress him. (Galsw.) 12.1 had it in my hand, so I must (to stick) it somewhere, I thought I'd just slip in and find it. (F. F.) 13. She seemed (to lose) her difference. (Galsw.) 14. I liked people (to be) straightforward. (A. Chr.) 15. I know myself that I shouldn't like (to live) on my own because I do get very confused sometimes. (A. Chr.) 16. Although she seemed (to listen) to Doreen, only half of her mind heard what she was saying. (Cus.) 17. Let him (to go) to centres of culture and civilization. (E. H.) 18. Bowman had just happened (to look) at her. (Un. Is.) 19. It's only decent (to warn) you that you will be bored to extinction. (S. M.) 20. She seemed (to make) very lame excuses, and James didn't look at her. (Galsw.)

Ex. 5. Use either of the infinitives in brackets; give two variants where possible and explain the difference.

1. But one demand he returned to again and again. He wanted (to make, to be made) a producer tomorrow. (F. F.) 2. I really do believe I'll be able (to sleep, to be sleeping) tonight. (M. D.) 3. The puzzle seemed (to fit, to be fitting) itself together piece by piece. (A. Chr.) 4. There wouldn't be many people about yesterday afternoon (to see, to have seen) him. (A. Chr.) 5. The things that Tuppence thought funny were, he knew by long experience, not really (to describe, to be described) by such an adjective at all. (A. Chr.) 6. They had not very long (to wait, to be waiting) however before the door opened and Miss Packard came in. (A. Chr.) 7. Behind the cupboard door there was a long list of rules, ending with: "No nails (to drive, to be driven) into walls." (M. D.) 8. You might (to change, to have changed) your mind about them. (A. Chr.) 9. If you were told (to do, to be doing) twice as much and by a superhuman effort achieved it, it would (to take, to be taken) as much for granted as your heart beat. (M. D.) 10. I was dropping with fatigue and would (to give, to have given) anything not (to go, to be going) out. (M. D.) 11. Something seemed (to amuse, to be amusing) her immensely. (A. Chr.) 12. Tea was at four and the bread was new and had (to cut, to be cut). (M. D.) 13. His red cheeks seemed (to fall, to have fallen) in and he looked a positive wreck of his usual jolly, healthy self. (A. Chr.) 14. And what brings you (to see, to have seen) us so early, my good Japp? (A. Chr.) 15. And Evant was supposed (to be devoted, to have been devoted) to his master. (A. Chr.) 16. He wished Chilla was still there, and he could (to point, to have pointed) her out to him. (Cus.) 17. A great weight seemed (to roll, to have rolled) off my mind. (P. W.) 18. Here was something (to hold, to be held) off. But there were also greetings (to make, to be made). (White) 19. And then, by the sound of his voice, she knew that they should (to go, to be going). (White)

Ex. 6. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form.

1.Architecture appeared (to exhaust) his regularity. (Galsw.) 2. After the two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer (to heal) that it should he was glad (to settle) down quietly at Apia. (S. M.) 3. I suppose you're not going (to be) down here very long? (A. Chr.) 4. He appeared (to do) business with them. (D. Rob.) 5. Poirot rubbed his hands together and smiled cheerfully. He seemed (to enjoy) himself. (A. Chr.) 6. Natural thing would be for them (to stay) at the Ritz or Claridge's or some other big hotel somewhere. (A. Chr.) 7. I'm deeply sorry (to involve) you in this. (I. M.) 8. At home Mrs. Goff would not have kept my supper. You had (to be) on the dot if you wanted (to feed), so I usually went with one or the other (to have) cheese rolls and beer. (M. D.) 9. Don't expect comfort. You've just got (to be) thankful if we get a bed (to sleep) on and a roof over our heads. (S. M.) 10. I seemed (to be) all right there and went on (to learn) that one should never sit in the presence of superiors. (M. D.) 11. Ten years before she would have lain down and slept, but now she had a feeling that things needed watching; there were sure (to be) grocery-men that had (to talk) to. (F. F.) 12. "Perhaps," suggested Rollock, "the man didn't want (to see) turning into the house from the road." (A. Chr.) 13. At last Мог allowed himself (to persuade). (I. M.) 14. "What about (to come) in and (to wash) up?" he asked suddenly. "No, thanks," said John. "I ought (to go) home—my wife'11 be worried." (F. F.) 15. I began (to walk) very slowly. (J. Rh.) 16. "Now I must (to go)," said the man, "and you young ladies walk off home." (White) 17. He ought perhaps (to put) a spoke in the wheel of their marriage. (Galsw.) 18. He seemed (to be) in a brown study and I thought he hardly heard what we were saying. (S. M.)

Ex. 7. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the infinitive in the combination "modal verb + the infinitive".

1. Old Jolyon said simply, "I suppose I oughtn't to have come here, Jo!" (Galsw.) 2. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnut trees. (E. H.) 3. "I wish you could put some sense into Uncle Simon," he said. (A. Chr.) 4. Something festive ought to be done tonight. (F. F.) 5. "I thought a nice visit might cheer you up," said Miss Packard. (A. Chr.) 6. She had to be at seven the next morning. (Spark) 7. You ought to have learnt by now that I know my own mird. (A. Chr). 8. "My lord Milton," cried Evelyn, "couldn't you have done something?" (F. F.) 9. But as she often justly remarked, sentiment was to be depricated. (Galsw.) 10. "Well," said Lemvine. "I must be going now, I felt it was due to you to know exactly how things stand." (A. Chr.) 11. ...I am to be given more food and drink... (A. Chr.) 12. I could have crumpled them (the papers) up and thrown them "at him, only they would not have hurt. (M. D.) 13. I promise faithfully that I'll be on that train. I suppose no great harm could be done in two hours. (F. F.) 14. I feel I ought to have gone with him. One of us ought to have done so. (A. Chr.) 15. She must have come early to have got a position like that. (Cus.) 16. You must see that I cannot take the responsibility. (Flem.) 17. Yet the gentleman might have said, "I should like a portrait of my wife," and the lady might have said, "I should like a portrait of my husband." (St. L.) 18. "All right," I said to Andy. "You can come, and he can run in ahead of us if he likes." (St. L.) 19. That may have been a false statement made so that Rogers should appear to be in the same position as ourselves. (A. Chr.) 20. I fancy he must have belonged to some society... (A. Chr.)

Ex. 8. Insert the particle "to" before the infinitive where required.

1.Fall made him ... clench his hands and ... tremble and ... repeat sentences to himself. (F. F.) 2. "So I don't think you need ... worry about it," said Tuppence. (A. Chr.) 3. Heater was really frightened now and even Mrs. Ogilvie was beginning to look as if she would rather ... be somewhere else. (M. D.) 4. She watched Theodora's hands ... move as if they were about ... reach out and ... touch something. (White) 5. Before we were married you promised to let me ... go it our marriage was not a success. (Galsw.) 6. What does it matter what made him ... change his mind, as long as he has changed it? (A. Chr.) 7. Paul tried ... break away ... come to me. (A. Chr.) 8. Then nobody need ... be disturbed. (A. Chr.) 9. "Thanks," Andrew answered, "I'd rather .. see the cases myself." (Cron.) 10. He saw him ... turn to Irene and say something. (Galsw.) 11. This made everyone ... run out of the house. (White) 12. I looked up, quick ... notice the change of tone. (A. Chr.) 13. I was pleased at the idea of no more of that chilly room, where the light hung in the one place where you could neither ... see and ... read in bed nor ... do your face, but soon I began ... be worried. (M. D.) 14. I wasn't worrying about that, I happen ... be going to London. That's all. (A. Chr.) 15. I watched the car ... crawl up the hill and ... disappear. (A. Chr). 16. He did not think the cheeses ought ... be kept much longer. (J. K. J.) 17. What I remember next ... have extended over a space of five or six hours, though it comes back to me as something that might ... have taken five minutes or a year. (F. F.) 18. I sun would like to hear you ... play that song. (W. S.)

Ex. 9. Translate into Russian paying attention to the use of the particle "to" which implies the verb already mentioned.

1. I would like to help George to sing — the way I always wanted to myself and never could. (P. B.) 2. "I'm sorry, was I making a speech?" "You were beginning to." 3. "Don't tell me anything you don't want to," I said by way of encouraging him. (A. Chr.) 4. He has taken her hand because she expects him to. (White) 5. When Liza caught Mrs. Blakeston's eye she ... stepped forward a little to go and speak with the woman, but Mrs. Blakeston, standing still, looked so angrily at her that she was afraid to. (S. M.) 7. "Good-bye." He shook hands. "I expect Evensford will be here if ever we want to come back." "If ever we want to." (Bates) 8. "I think it's turned much warmer," he said. "I think we shall probably sing out-doors this evening. In that case you needn't come inside if you didn't want to." (Cates) 9. "Harry, would you like to give me a hand before you go out?"- "Of course, Nora, I'd be pleased to." (Meet the Parkers) 10. "Nora, you look a bit tired — what have you been doing all day?" "I've been cleaning the whole house." "I said I was going to." (Meet the Parkers) 12. And you want to go to a sanatorium? I think you ought to. (P. W.) 13. "Why not come down there for a bit?" said Bill hospitably. "Well, I'd love to, Bill, old man." (P. W.) 14. Bill gaped. "I beg your pardon." "I m glad you have the grace to." (P. W.) 15. I noticed for the first time how short he was; but he looked more distinguished than he used to. (S. M.)

Ex. 10. Respond to the following questions or statements, using the phrases from the list below.

1. I see you haven't read this article. 2. Why didn't you go to the country? 3. They say you work hard now. 4. Why didn't you buy a new dictionary for him? 5. Let's forget it. 6. You are going to write a letter, aren't you? 7. Will you go to the cinema with us? 8. You seem to have insulted him. 9. I'll be glad to drop in. 10. You must join them the sooner the better. 11. Have you anything else to tell me?

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I don't think I want to; I'm glad to; I know I have to; I didn't have spare time to; I didn't mean to; Not so much I as have to; Willingly, if you want me to; I'm sorry, I didn't mean to; You are always welcome to; He didn't ask me to; I intended to

Ex. 11. Define the function of the infinitive.

1. To sound a man as to "his intentions" was peculiarly unpleasant to him. (Galsw.) 2. I think we've both said all there is to be said. (A. Chr.) 3. The meal was to have consisted, it seemed, of fried steak and potatoes, with tinned apricot and cream. (Bates) 4. It is dangerous to go against the majority. (Galsw.) 5. To get Irene out of London is the main thing — thought Soames. (Galsw.) 6. I wish to arrange my ideas with order and method. (A. Chr.) 7. As he walked to the office he decided to mention no facts or names within the walls of the studio. (F. F.) 8. It was a fixed principle with him never to allude to June. (Galsw.) 9. To have seen him dance... you would have thought St. Vitus himself that blessed patron of the dance, was figuring before you in person. (W. I.) 10. The accounts were already prepared on a folding table, and with a nod Soames sat down to study them. (Galsw.) 11. To get round to this window from the road on a night like last night would be a difficult and unpleasant proceeding. (A. Chr.) 12. ...there were instructions to be carried out. (Cron.) 13. To speak with her was impossible. (H. Cec.) 14. But it seemed they couldn't promise to make it so terribly early. (Un. Is.) 15. She went out to post the letter. (Un. Is.) 16. Swithin saw no necessity to laugh. (Galsw.) 17. To see this wonderful Mrs. Thompson's performance is what I have come for. (A. Chr.) 18. It was a little difficult to know how to begin. (P. W.) 19. That's no good to me — not if I'm going to live in England. (A. Chr.) 20. They rose to leave the place. (Galsw.)

Ex. 12. Define the type of the adverbial modifier expressed by the infinitive.

1. Soft as a tom-cat, he crossed the room to press the bell. (Galsw.) 2. I'm too excited to be quiet. (A. H.) 3. ... it would be as well to make a few inquiries to establish the fact. (A. Chr.) 4. Numerous other applicants were sent to see it. (A. Chr.) 5. The waiter knocked... and came in to take away the soup. (J. Rh.) 6. He threw open the door and Dermot walked in, whilst Trent switched on the light, and then came to join him. (A. Chr.) 7. Rain followed him and sat down on a chair to look at the canvas. (J. M.) 8. He shook himself and looked to see the familiar streets. (I. M.) 9. There were always long lines of trolley cars waiting to start somewhere.(F. F.) 10. The Terrars only came to live here just over a year ago. (A. Chr.) 11.1 got up and stood up at the door to see if it was raining. (E. H.) 12. Two or three times it needed just a touch of pressure to bring her to the point of tears. (F. F.) 13. We were told that the patient was too ill to see anyone that day. (S. M.) 14. ... to hear him talk, you might imagine him to be—er, the Almighty. (A. Chr.) 15. He remembered how often he had waited for a minute or two on the landing to get his breath after the ascent, and how absurdly his impatience to see Blanche had taken it away again. (S. M.) 16.1 did not think there was anyone in the front room, but I went across to look. (M. D.) 17. I left my office to go out to lunch. (Un. Is.) 18. She stretched her arms out to embrace herself. (Galsw.) 19. One would need great broad-mindedness and a distinct sense of humour to appreciate such a merciless expose. (A. Chr.) 20. They wouldn't pay you enough to cover the bus fare. (M. D.)

Ex. 13. Translate into Russian paying attention to the function of the infinitive.

1. The decision to build had been weighing on his mind all the week, and he had made up his mind to tell her. (Galsw.) 2. To write down "I have two hundred and forty bushes of barley" means nothing unless you have the barley. (A. Chr.) 3. Dorean rang the following Thursday to tell him that Jan had a bad set-back. (Cus.) 4. Yet she certainly seemed disposed to linger and chat. (A. Chr.) 5. To be ignorant that he is a Forsyte was in the nature of a Forsyte. (Galsw.) 6. We have forgotten to inform Mr. Poirot of that. (A. Chr.) 7. She turned and ran quickly up the stairs, retaining a confused picture of rays of cigar smoke and a loud discussion in the centre of the room that seemed to be developing into an argument. (F. F.) 8. I think I'm very lucky to have come here, they are so kind and thoughtful; and the gardens are so beautiful. (A. Chr.) 9. To face the worst and have it over was better. (Galsw.) 10. 1 was waiting for you to say it. (Un. Is.) 11. The story I am about to tell is a perfectly simple and straightforward one. (A. Chr.) 12. He was a medical missionary and he was liable to be called at any time. (S. M.) 13. George was waiting to be called up. (M. D.) 14. I was anxious to learn what Japp had come about. (A. Chr.) 15. To have approved his son's conduct in that clash was of course impossible. (Galsw.) 16. She stood up to learn the rules of the game that she must play. (White) 17. It was a thing to do, a way to kill time. (W. S.) 18. "Oh, we're awfully pleased to meet you," said chairman. (A. Chr.) 19. Then she drew a deep breath, "I don't want to talk shop." (H. R.) 20. Go and tell him I wish to speak with him. (A. Chr.)

Ex. 14. Point out verbal and noun characteristics of the infinitive in the following sentences.

1. I was standing at the meat counter, waiting for some rib lamb chops to be cut. (J. Sal.) 2. Then at last it closed on words, "I got to be making tracks," he said. (White) 3. Your work here was to help Sir Gervase with the book he was writing. (A. Chr.) 4. He was not to spend at the outside more than twelve thousand and fifty pounds. (Calsw.) 5. What he is going to do is still in the doubt. (Dr.) 6. That's just why they couldn't have had the key. (A. Chr.) 7. Wilson was standing by while we gave the cabman instructions, for we had given him a lift to save him the hot dusty walk. (S. M.) 8. Your father is not to be disturbed. (White) 9. Monsieur and Madame Renard gave a party to celebrate the engagement of their daughter. (S. M.) 10. A great temptation came to Utterson to open the envelope at once. (Steve.) 11. Do vou think it would do any good to try to get hold of Waker?"(J. Sal.) 12. "Oh, dear," Mr. Boggis said clasping his hands. "There I go again. I should have never started this in the first place." "You can't back out now, a deal is a deal." (St. L.) 13. Of course, I could promise to send it back next month, but — I 'd better say three months. Just as soon as I start to sell drawings. 14. You needn't worry, I shall be careful all right. (A. Chr.) 15. He wished to give her every chance. (Galsw.) 16. He ought perhaps to have put a spoke in the wheel of their marriage. (Galsw.) 17. He longed to go and say to him, "Look here, you sir! Are you going to jilt my granddaughter?" (Galsw.)

Ex. 15. Recast the following sentences so as to use the infinitive in the function of the attribute. Model: I have only a few minutes that I can spare.—> I have only a few minutes to spare.

1. Who was the last person that arrived before me? 2. This is not the way how⁷ you should ask for something. 3. We had no alternative that we could choose. 4. There w^as nobody who could explain it to those people. 5. There is nobody to whom we could turn for advice. 6. Where is the packet that should be taken to the post-office? 7. Mr. Palmer is the only man to whom you can talk about this matter. 8. I need a pen with which I could write. 9. I have got a lot of friends to whom I could turn for help. 10. This is a nice place where j one can sit and watch the busy traffic. 11. He is not a man. who would ignore the views of his colleagues. 12. He is a very charming person with whom one can spend a nice evening. 13. He was the third that had invited me to the party. 14. He is not a man who would make fun of it. 15. You would have to know the address to which we could send it. 16. He felt that was the opportunity which he shouldn't miss. 17. He bought himself brown shoes and a tie which would match it. 18. Her opinion was not one that could be neglected. 19. The gardeners were picking fruit which they could send to the market.

Ex. 16. Combine the sentences so as to use the infinitive.

Model I: Mr. Simpson is very old. He can't work.—> Mr. Simpson is too old to work.

Model II: My cousin plays the violin well. He can give a concert.—> My cousin plays the violin well enough to give a concert.

Model III: The apple you gave me is so sour. I can't eat it.—> The apple you gave me is too sour for me to eat.

1. She is still young. She can't travel to London alone. 2. John doesn't earn much. He can't buy it. 3. He was very late. He didn't catch the 12:30 train. 4. I can see you aren't clever. You can't do these calculations in your head. 5. You don't know the poem well. You can't recite it in front of the class tomorrow. 6. He was very far. He couldn't see what they were doing. 7. The water in the lake is very cold. I can't bathe. 8. You are very quick. You can easily catch up with the group. 9. You don't understand it. You" are too young. 10. You are clever. You can answer any question. 11. The .weather is warm. We can go out. 12. This tea is too hot. I can't drink it. 13. You were too angry. You couldn't speak. 14. It is so foggy today. I can't drive the car there. 15. My cousin plays the piano very well. He can perform at a concert. 16. He has recovered. He can attend classes. 17. You work very slowly. You can't catch up with us. 18. He is strong enough. He can climb up this mountain.

Ex. 17. Make up sentences using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically.

1. to start with; 2. to make a long story short; 3. not to speak; 4. to say honestly; 5. to tell the truth; 6. so to speak; 7. to be quite truthful; 8. to speak candidly; 9. to go into particulars; 10. to be more exact

Ex. 18. Recast the following sentences so as to use the Perfect Infinitive.

Model: I am glad that I have seen the film.—> I'm glad to have seen the film.

1. We were sorry when we heard about your failure. 2. I am sorry that I have disappointed you. 3. She is lucky because she has such a good teacher. 4. I am very pleased that I have met you. 5. You were very kind that you gave me that advice. 6. We were disappointed when we heard that she had fallen ill. 7. We are pleased because we have been able to help you. 8. They were pleased when they heard about my success. 9. He is disappointed because he hasn't been awarded the prize. 10. She was surprised when she didn't find me at home. 11. She is disappointed because she hasn't received an invitation to that party. 12. We were right when you told him not to interfere in our affairs. 13. The dean is sorry that he hasn't been able to see you personally on that date. 14. She was angry when she found that the book was missing. 15. I should be glad if I had been chosen for that job. 16. I was delighted when I heard that she liked my book. 17. I should have been surprised if I had met him in the South. 18. He was very sorry that he hadn't been able to join you. 19. He is very pleased that he has read this in the original. 20. I was lucky that I had visited that town.

Ex. 19. Complete the following choosing a suitable infinitive from the list below.

1.But I quite see it is one of those things that has got ... . 2. Now we can get our heads together and ... what is best ... .3. Really it is too dreadful. One feels one must do something ... oneself cheerful. 4. But nobody could ... it for sure. 5. I'm going ... my coffee now and I don't want ... anybody. 6. Don't you think I'm old enough ... of myself. 7. "Very good of you ... me." He shook hands with them both. 8. "This story made me ... of him at once," said Miss Marple. 9. You could taste the dirt in the air and it always seemed ... . Ю. "Whatever happens," Michael thought, "I've got ... or I shall be dropping a brick." 11. Well, .... he wrote to me at the beginning of last month and said he was just off to a new job. 12. The whole town seemed ....

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to think; to ask; to take care; to have; to see; to be asleep; to cut a long story short; to be done; to be raining; to keep; to do; to make

Ex. 20. Complete the following using the infinitive

a) as predicative:

1. All they do is... . 2. To get straight to the best is... . 3. The only safe and sane thing to do was... . 4. What my father should do is... . 5. My original idea was... .

b) as subject:

1. ...is not my custom. 2. ...is quite unusual for her. 3. ...was the last thing any man wanted. 4. ...is a hardship.

c) as object:

1. There is a couple of things I want... . 2. I order... . 3. I didn't mean... . 4. Has your mother persuaded you... . 5. It occurred to me... . 6. Don't bother... .

d) as attribute:

1. He regretted his inability... . 2. There is nothing... . 3. His wife was the first... .

e) as adverbial modifier of purpose:

1. The family had gathered... . 2. She might have dropped in,... 3. She bowed graciously and turned... . 4. We climbed up the mountain ... . 5. He rose from his chair... .

f),as adverbial modifier of result:

1. The novel was easy enough... . 2. She was too sad... . 3 ,,He couldn't do enough... . 4. He knew enough of the country not... 5. We are too aware of the fact not... . 6. He was too astonished... .

PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE

Ex. 1. Point out objective predicative constructions with the infinitive in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He felt his work to be directionless, merely "copy". (F. F.) 2. She felt the wind blow cold on her back. (F. F.), 3. He watched her turn from him and run to the door. (Rob.) 4. I never saw a man pick up this work so fast. (F. F.) 5. I don't even think they heard us come in. (J. Sal.) 6. I have watched you paint a picture. (White) 7. Fanny watched Frank push away his plate. (White) 8. I never before heard him speak so much. (S. M.) 9. He had seen tigresses in the Zoo walk just like that. (S. M.) 10. With my mind's eye I saw Strickland throw his hat on a table... (S. M.) 11. I can watch your heart beat. (White) 12. Katina watched the slow smoke rise from white houses. (White) 13. "Well, what's the matter?" She broke out finally. "Do you expect me to jump up and sing?" (F. F.) 14. He had married Judy Jones and seen her fade away before his eyes. (F. F.) 15. She heard the boots squeak among the trees. (White) 16. He can make anyone talk who needs help. (Maltz) 17. I saw one of the three men start for him and I saw this man's face. (E. H.)

Ex. 2. Define the structure of objective predicative constructions with the infinitive in the following sentences.

1. She made her come down to the front. (The Pocket Book) 2. Nick's father ordered some water to be put on the stove. (E. H.) 3. He never wants anyone to carry anything. (E. H.) 4. Paul suppressed a shiver, and forced himself to ask the question uppermost in his mind. (Cron.) 5. ...everyone knew him to be feeling fine. (Sill.) 6. He dressed well and he liked his clothes to be properly looked after. (S. M.) 7. I told him everything except where I believed the papers to be hidden. (A. Chr.) 8. She caused a telegram to be sent to him. (Galsw.) 9. I thought the English were stiff, but it's wonderful the way you make me feel at home. (Galsw.) 10. He wanted them all three to walk down the street. (E. H.) 11. He saw the girl leave her chair and trip swiftly across the floor to the newcomer. (J. L.) 12. After a ten-minute wait I watched the train pull out. (J. Ch.) 13. Perhaps his wordless gaze had caused her to break silence. (Cron.) 14. Jennie was intensely sorry. She had never heard Lester complain before. (Dr.) 15. How can you expect anyone to think well of us when such things are written about us? (B. Sh.) 16. Her smile was friendly and she made you feel, that she was really pleased to see you. (Cus.)

Ex. 3. Define the meaning of the verb with which objective predicative constructions with the infinitive are used.

1. Next day, though I pressed him to remain, Stroeve left me. (S. M.) 2. 1 never heard him speak of those whose work had a certain analogy with his own. (S. M.) 3. Rusty was so busy he didn't notice her come in. (J. Ch.) 4. I am not at all sure that in her own interests I shan't require her to return to me. (Galsw.) 5. I tried to induce your father to give him the authority he desired. (A. Chr.) 6. ...he was good at court games, had a number of big game fishing records and had just shown himself to be a coward. (E. H.) 7. Your wife says that nothing you can do will ever induce her to divorce you. (S. M.) 8. She was known very soon to be the perfect parlour-maid. (S. M.) 9. I didn't mean you to hear, or that old person. (Galsw.) 10. Short of actually beating his wife, he perceived nothing to be done. (Galsw.) 11. Soames, glanced at her (Mrs. James) beneath his eyelids, nodded, and he saw Irene steal at him one of her unfathomable looks. (Galsw.) 12. So I think I'd like you to know that it's just well to be prepared, so that if she did go suddenly it wouldn't be any shock to you. (A. Chr.) 13. ...as we walked out into the snowy yard we saw the tail light of a car turn the corner at the end of the black alley. (F. F.) 14. She wanted him to see Ede with the other children — to see how dignified and polite she was. (F. F.) 1.5. Paul watched him destroy the sheet. (Cron.) 16. You could hardly have expected me to go to the garage. (P. W.)

Ex. 4. Insert the particle "to" in objective predicative constructions with the infinitive where necessary.

1. The room made him ... feel embarrassed. (The Pocket Book) 2. They want me ... run out. (Cart.) 3. When I heard him ... go downstairs I went down after him. (The Pocket Book) 4. She could not bring herself ... tell him about Vesta. (Dr.) 5. Paul felt his heart ... melt. (Cron.) 6. Suddenly he saw her ... rise and ... turn away. (Galsw.) 7. At first he had believed them ... be married. (Dr.) 8. The colonel ordered everyone ... wear a gas mask. (R. Aid.) 9. My feelings as a father and a husband compel me ... ask you yet again whether you will not reconsider your decision. (R. Aid.) 10. I forced him ... eat, and after luncheon I induced him ... lie down, but he couldn't sleep. (S. M.) 11. I told the driver ... take me to the hospital fast. (J. Ch.) 12. I never knew him ... stand and ... look at that beautiful, calm face. (Vickers) 13. She let her eyes ... rest on Jan`s scarcely touched tray. (Cus.) 14. She made George ... acknowledge that it was no use to throw away all the beautiful things. (S. M.) 15. And, returning with the packet in her hand, she suddenly observed Richard ... emerge from the drawing-room. (Cron.) 16. Did you see Miss Perbmarch ... enter or ... leave the house? (A. Chr.) 17. ... middle age and pressure of business forced him ... give up hunting. (S. M.) 18. She persuaded him ... see a doctor. (Dr.)

Ex. 5. Form objective predicative constructions with the infinitive out of the elements in brackets.

1. I don't wish (you, to understand) me. (Cron.) 2. When he came in he wanted to call you, but I persuaded (he, to wait) until morning. (Dr.) 3. I cannot allow (you, to throw) away an enormous property like this. (B. Sh.) 4. Soames must have been pressing (she, to go) back to him again, with public opinion and the law on his side, too! (Galsw.) 5. Then she turned to the window and asked (me, to open) it. (Galsw.) 6. Now, can I trouble (you, to come) in here? (The Clocks) 7. I saw (my mother, to pause) and (to put) her hand to her forehead. 8. He controlled himself, and clenching his teeth, set (oneself, to read). (Cron.) 9. She laughed and I heard (she, to strike) a match. (Gr. Gr.) 10. Old Jolyon watching from his corner saw (his brother's face, to change). (Galsw.) 11. Maybe I could get (he, to pay) her seventy-five a week. (J. Ch.) 12. He was well set up too, a good figure, blemished only by an accident at football which caused (he, to turn) in his right foot slightly when he walked. (Cron.) 13. The daughter turned uneasily not because it irritated her to work, but because she hated (people, to guess) at the poverty that made it necessary. (Dr.) 14. He flushed indignantly but forced (oneself, to answer)... (Cron.) 15. He could trust his cook to send in a meal that his guests would take pleasure in eating and desired (his parlour-maid, to wait) with neatness and dispatch. (S. M.) 16. I felt they expected (I, to say) clever things, and I never could think of any till after the party was over. (S. M.) 17. It was a serene, quiet, satisfied smile — and again Renisent felt (a tide of revolt, to rise) in her. (A. Chr.) 18. That at all events she understood, and then she heard (he, to bolt) the door. (S. M.) 19. From now on I'll have (you, to know) this is my business. (Cus.) 20. That's the way I meant (it, to be). (E. H.)

Ex. 6. Recast the following sentences so as to use objective predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. I still consider we were right to resist them. 2. They required that I should arrive at 8 a.m. 3. The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 4. I believe they are very good in physics and other pure sciences... 5. He... did what he could, though considered he got little thanks for^ it from his wife and five kids. 6. And she saw that the lower part of her face was twisted out of shape. 7. He gazed across! at Grace... watching her as she dealt with the marmalade. cheerfully and happily. 8. He felt that she was unreasonable and unjust. 9. He knew he was a bad leader. 10. I think his father is one of the heads in Universal Stores. 11. He thought I was just a kid to be ordered. 12. I don't expect you'll think of me. 13. I think both of you are too simple to be dishonest.

Ex. 7. Complete the following so as to use objective predicative construction» with the infinitive.

1. She saw two of the girls... . 2. I have never heard... . 3. She felt the wind... . 4. Andrew Manson considered his work... . 5. They had no money, no experience, nothing but a desire to make a dream... . 6. He watched and suddenly he saw her... . 7. He liked to see people... . 8. Well, I let them... . 9. The window was open, and he could hear somebody... . 10. She was asleep when we returned from the market, but at once got up when she heard us... . 11. Will you come over and watch me.. . 12. You will then allow me... . 13. I say that certain things are to be done, but I don't order anybody... . 14. He was right, but something warned me.... 15. Obviously, he was not so strong as she had thought him... 16. I am sorry but my experience compels me... . 17. She had been almost afraid to ask him and when she forced herself... . 18. When you get this, I want you not... . 19. There was a shock and he felt himself... .

Ex. 8. Point out subjective predicative constructions with the infinitive in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. But I don't happen to know anything. (J. Sal.) 2. The tomb appeared to be that of the king. (A. Chr.) 3. You would never be likely to fall in love with me. (A. Chr.) 4. It doesn't seem to do her any harm, that's the cheeriest thing about it. (A. Chr.) 5. We are working now and we'll be sure to pay you Saturday. (Dr.) 6. I was not sure how a reporter was supposed to behave on occasions like this. (M. D.) 7. Blanch Stroeve loved working about the studio she happened to be living in and took pride in keeping it in apple-pie order. (S. M.) 8. It's thrilling to watch the blossoming of a young girl, particularly when she happens to be one's daughter. (White) 9. He thinks she's a stenographer but she turns out to be a writer. (F. F.) 10. She would be sure to throw her arms round his neck and say, "Oh, Jo, how I make you suffer!" (Galsw.) 11. A motor containing two foreigners is quite likely to have been noticed. (A. Chr.) 12. ...the pot was raised higher and higher and its contents appeared to be getting less and less. (S. M.) 13. We have not been required to undertake any work. (M. S.) 14. I don't happen to see any difference between them. (J. Sal.) 15. That is supposed to be a rose. (White)

Ex. 9. Define the structure of subjective infinitive constructions with the infinitive in the following sentences.

1. "I'm not going to stand it," he is declared to have said. (S. M.) 2. He seemed to be turning it over in his mind. (P. W.) 3. Old Thomas, the groom, had been taken with jaundice and Andrew was compelled to make his rounds on foot. (Cron.) 4. The changes are likely to be announced in the April Budget. (M. S.) 5. Recent attack of typhoid, from which he was thought to be recovering proves fatal. (Dr.) 6. The old man seemed to have lived a life on the roads. (F. C.) 7. The picture is supposed to be the passage of the Red Sea. (Cain) 8. Kilimanjaro is a snow covered mountain and is said to be the highest mountain in Africa. (E. H.) 9. The company was reported to be paying starvation wages to its black workers. (M. S.) 10. Yet now few will be found to deny his greatness. (S. M.) 11. He was known to have refused office in the interests of his profession. 12. He was compelled to write his weekly review. (R. Aid.) 13. At the end of ten minutes he appeared to have solved his troubles with the machine. (Ward) 14. ...he was known to be one of the best shots in England. (S. M.) 15. The two have been observed to meet daily during the past week in Richmond Park. (Galsw.) 16. He was forced to give up work last December because of chronic arthritis. (M. S.) 17. I am thought to have so much influence in the getting of offices. (The Best Plays) 18. Saddle, as you know, did turn to be a star. 19. Some members of the action committee are believed to have spoken yesterday. (M. S.)

Ex. 10. Define the meaning of the verb and word groups with which subjective infinitive constructions with the infinitive are used.

1. He could be made to fight easily enough. (Dr.) 2. I was known to be nearsighted. (Satire.) 3. Your lungs appear to be all right. (P. W.) 4. ...on the following afternoon Jame chanced to be a witness of some resulting actions. (Ward) 5. Children appear to go through definite stages as they develop. (M. S.) 6. He seemed to be wondering whether much anxiety of mind had affected his eyesight. (P. W.) 7. I have often thought, Lester, if mamma had not been compelled to worry so much she might be alive today. (Dr.) 8. The past I looked at seemed to have its reality. (S. M.) 9. They were seen to just touch each other's hands. (Galsw.) 10. After that Tommy was forced to admit the prospect looked dreary. (A. Chr.) 11. But he was expected to go down to keep up his father's prestige. (Lind.) 12. She seemed to know most of the Blackstable news. (S. M.) 13. Before Krebs went away to the war he had never been allowed to drive the family motor-car. (E. H.) 14. But perhaps her father could be induced to remain silent. (Dr.) 15. They've been known to chap holes in the roof. (Cain) 16. Jennie was finally compelled to tell Vesta that Lester's fortune had been dependent on his leaving her. (Dr.) 17. ...the two sides are expected to meet again next week. (M. S.) 18. So he was found to be unfit for active service... (R. Aid.) 19. ...when he was brought to Charing Cross Hospital life was found to be extinct. (S. M.)

Ex. 11. Recast the following sentences so as to use subjective predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. It seems that he is not in the habit of coming in time. 2. They say that he is honest. 3. A group of people at the gangway saw that the boat came into harbour. 4. It appeared that he had done it well. 5. It was not likely that he was going to be drawn into an argument. 6. The man had read his papers, it seemed. 7. It is very unlikely they would allow her to see visitors at this time of night. 8. It was felt that she was perfectly capable of taking care of herself. 9. It is believed that his advice was ignored. 10. It appeared that Betty was delighted. 11. It is pretty unlikely that they would approve of it. 12. It appears that they have some difficulties with the car.

Ex. 12. Recast the following sentences with subjective predicative constructions with the infinitive so as to use complex sentences.

1. David seemed rather at a loss for the moment. 2. Everything that evening seemed to be ironical. 3. But to Aunt Ann they seemed all Forsytes. 4. He had a patriarchal look and in spite of lean cheeks seemed master of perennial youth. 5. I happened to be staying for a long weekend not far from Tercanbury. 6. Now and again her glance rested on him for a moment and I seemed to see in her expression not only⁷ love but fondness. 7. You two seem to be having such a wonderful time together. 8. ...he appeared to be fast asleep. 9. She seemed to know all that was going on there. 10. I'm not supposed to have seen him for two years. 11. ...active members of the party were simply permitted to speak for themselves. 12. On Friday letters might be expected to arrive at his rooms. 13. She must be made to understand. 14. Something stronger than myself seemed to be holding me back and urging me not to enter.

Ex. 13. Choose any sentence and use it in your own situation.

1. Then we came nearer, and I seemed to recognize it. 2. She seemed to see nothing. 3. She seemed to be making very lame excuses. 4. The newcomer seemed to feel that he ought to enter the spirit of this long-distance conversation. 5. He seemed scarcely to see her. 6. She seemed to speak every language with ease. 7. By the way, I seem to know the name. 8. She seemed to be much more at home there. 9. She seemed to have been out for a moment.

Ex. 14. Paraphrase the following using subjective predicative constructions with the infinitive.

Model: He was taken aback (to seem). He seemed to be taken aback.

1. She is busy today (to seem). 2. The situation has changed a lot (to appear). 3. The Crimea was visited by numerous hikers last summer (to know). 4. He didn't have any money with him (to happen). 5. This path is used quite often nowadays (to appear). 6. Nobody knew the way, so I had to return (to happen). 7. His plan is rather unrealistic (to appear). 8. She wasn't properly dressed (to happen). 9. Amy Driffield would never speak to me again (unlikely). 10. He was in high spirits when he got out of the train (to seem). 11. He lived with an uncle and aunt on the outskirts of a little Kentish town by the sea (to be known). 12. He got a scholarship to Wadham. 13. We filled in Driffield's study; it was a large room on the other side of the house (to appear).

Ex. 15. Complete the following so as to use subjective predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. The girl seems... . 2. The weather appears... . 3. You are supposed... . 4. Our friends are sure... . 5. It is wonderful how everything seems... . 6. He said somebody was supposed... . 7. Everything that morning seemed... . 8. Several thousand people are expected... . 9. Your home during the last few years seems... . 10. I will not deny that several times I was tempted... .11. None will accompany me, and I am forced... . 12. It's hard for us to understand how such a thing is permitted... . 13. As a result, when they were told..., they did it. 14. She was sure that he should be made... . 15. I admit he seemed... . 16. What time are you supposed...? 17. The train was seen... . 18. This was supposed... . 19. They might be made... .

Ex. 16. Define the function of the f or-to-infinitive construction.

1. Theodora Goodman sat in the hall near the reception desk and waited for somebody to come. (White). 2. My friend motioned for him to come in. (E. H.) 3. Well, seventy was the outside limit, it was then time, George said, for them to go and leave their money to their children. (Galsw.) 4. ...in their shrill laughter he found a terrible dissonance that made him pray for the twilight to come. (F. F.) 5, "You should ask your Violet Adams to Merve," said mother, waiting for father to bring round the horses. (White) 6. "It's not for me to disagree there," said Jolyon, "but that's all quite beside the mark." (Galsw.) 7. She waited for Violet to say something. (White) 8. "When will you marry me?" "Are you ready for me to marry you?" (F. F.) 9. ...it was good experience for me to see it to its completed form. (M. D.) 10. "This question of company," he said, "is something for me to decide." (White) 11. The lady was speaking too fast for me to catch what she said. (A. Chr.) 12. It would not be possible for a human and intelligent person to invent a rational excuse for slavery. (M. T.) 13. They told him to be a good boy and wait for them to come home in the evening. (W. S.) 14. It was instinctive now for him to take her into his confidence. (Cron.) 15. Theodora sat down. Confident her intuition would identify, she waited for Lieselotte to appear. (White) 16. ...they thought it was better for me to live in a place like this. (A. Chr.)

Ex. 17. Point out the for-to-infinitive construction in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.So now she waited for Frank to speak. (White) 2. Theodora waited many days for something to happen, but it did not. (White) 3. Theodora sat and waited for Violet to speak. (White) 4. "We have a number of interesting personalities I shall be glad for you to meet," said Elsie. (White) 5. You waited for the red moon to crash like a thunderous gong. (White) 6. I have arranged for Sister Marie to board with her. (A. Chr.) 7. I should have thought it would be much easier for you to stand that. (A. Chr.) 8. "That's easy for you to say," began Gordon, his eyes narrowing. (F. F.) 9. You all used to be so sweet and loving to each other, it was a joy for me to see you. (J. Sal.) 10. Theodora waited for the clear glaze of morning to split. (White) 11. It was impossible for me to persuade myself that this urgent desire of his was disinterested. (S. M.) 12. In a minute it would be fitting for me to take my leave. (S. M.) 13. They were grouped about the mother, waiting for something to happen. (White.) 14. She decided that she would wait for Holstius to come.

Ex. 18. Form for-to-infinitive constructions using the words in brackets in the appropriate form.

1. Although it was a busy section, it would be hard for (I, to name) the business that comprised its activity. (F. F.) 2. I am going to ring the bell for (the visitors, to go). (A. Chr.) 3. ...it's a bit technical here and there for (I, to follow). (A. Chr.) 4. My friend motioned for (he, to come) in. (E. H.) 5. It is not necessary for (I, to explain) that we are twins. (White) 6. Waiting for (the hymn, to stop) she watched the light blaze. (White) 7. Theodora waited for (she, to go). (White) 8. It was easy enough for (the drivers, to get) in that way. (A. Chr.) 9. It is so unusual for (a man, to bring) home a thing like this. (A. Chr.) 10. It's no easv thing for (I, to get hold) of it. (F. F.) 11. He didn't answer and I waited for some time for (he, to speak). (S. M.) 12. She waited for (some act) that still had (to perform). (White) 13. Often enough Theodora wondered whether it was time for (she, to go). (White) 14. Now I longed for (they, to return) to me. (White) 15. Theodora looked for (some other object, to concentrate). (White) 16. It would be fine for (her folks, to have her back home) after so much travelling around. (White) 17. He listened to her with what looked like polite interest, putting in now and then a remark in a voice too low for (I, to catch). (S. M.)

Ex. 19. Respond to the following questions using for-to-infinitive constructions.

Model: Whom is she waiting for?—> She is waiting for her daughter to come from school.

1. Why is it necessary for her to translate this article? 2. What is it for her to decide? 3. Why is it good experience for me to read books in the original? 4. Who told him to wait for them to return? 5. What do you think will be more sensible for him to do? 6. Why are you sure it'll be better for you to live in the country this summer? 7. What does she seem to be waiting for? 8. Why is it impossible for me to join them? 9. What have you arranged for her to do? 10. Wouldn't it be better for us to learn more about each other? 11. Why was it difficult for you to persuade him to come to see us? 12. When is it time for me to ring the bell? 13. Why was it not easy for the drivers to ride the cars that day? 14. Why does she long for them to return home? 15. Would it be easy for you to go there?

Ex. 20. Complete the following so as to use for-to-infinitive constructions.

1. The best thing for you... . 2. I am very anxious for ... . 3. I have arranged for... . 4. It took a moment for... . 5. It would be much easier for... . 6. She was sitting and waiting for someone... . 7. It's not for her... . 8. It was bad experience for me... . 9. It's something for her... . 10. It would be more sensible for... . 11. It would be better for... . 12. There will be many interesting people for you... . 13. It would be possible for... . 14. She has arranged everything for... . 15. It took ten minutes for... . 16. It is a joy for him... . 17. It would be hard for her... . 18. It was easy enough for... . 19. It is unusual for a person... . 20. It's time for me....

Ex. 21. Translate info Russian paying attention to infinitive constructions.

1. We walked to the door and I saw her go in and down the hall. (E. H.) 2. Lawyers just know the law; they don't seem to have any kind of natural sense. (A. Chr.) 3. There was no one in Washington for him to see — but he was watching Jonquil narrowly... (F. F.) 4. I want you to answer my one question. Is he going to be on this train? (F. F.) 5. She saw two of the girls exchange glances. (F. F.) 6. I don't suppose that it would be likely to happen in any case. (A. Chr.) 7. I've got him here now" for you to see. (A. Chr.) 8. She appeared not to have read anything since she left school. (M. D.) 9. I've never heard her say anything to a boy except that it's hot or the floor's crowded. (F. F.) 10. "Where on earth did you get hold of him, Ellen?" "On the train," she answered. Immediately she seemed to regret this admission. (F. F.) 11.1 believe he had a sister living at Exeter and I think I have heard him mention a nephew or nephews. (A. Chr.) 12. "Hello, George. I didn't see you come in." (F. F.) 13. I heard her come in the bedroom and hid the score under my pillows (Cain) 14. She will expect you to marry, a doctor ought to marry. (B. Sh.) 15. She could not allow the poor fellow⁷ to go about in a dirty shirt. (S. M.) 16. I heard her put a tray down on the end of the bed. (Gr. Gr.) 17. She made me translate what she could only express in her own tongue. (S. M.) 18. I never heard him say he was satisfied yet. (B. Sh.) 19. He expected her to walk to the main road. (Sill.)

Ex. 22. Translate into English using subjective predicative constructions.

1. Говорят, что он живет где-то на Крайнем Севере. 2. Считали, что она прекрасно играет в теннис. 3. Известно, что в Советском Союзе книги издаются на многих языках. 4. Было известно, что он принимал участие в этой экспедиции. 5. Можно считать, что этот вопрос уже решен. 6. Вряд ли игра закончится вничью. 7. Она оказалась хорошим преподавателем. 8. Я уверена, что вам понравится этот спектакль. 9. Новая картина молодого художника, выставленная в музее, оказалась интересной. 10. Похоже на то, что она приняла его предложение. 11. Как оказалось, вечер прошел успешно. 12. Как оказалось, вопрос был не по существу. 13. Вероятно, вам придется некоторое время подождать. 14. Говорят, что его старшая сестра занимается художественной гимнастикой уже три года. 15. Я, кажется, знаю этого человека. В юности он был отличным бегуном, а теперь, говорят, он тренирует молодых спортсменов. 16. Известно, что первые Олимпийские игры состоялись в 1896 году в Афинах. 17. Кажется, этот пассажир не выходит из каюты уже 2 дня. С ним что-нибудь случилось?—Да, он страдает морской болезнью. 18. Известно, что в 1900 году в Олимпийских играх впервые принимали участие женщины.

Ex. 23. Translate into English using objective predicative constructions.

1. Мы видели, что студенты разговаривали с деканом. 2. Она видела, что он взял эту книгу. 3. Я не хочу, чтобы вы приходили так рано. 4. Вы заметили, как она ушла? 5. Я ожидаю, что она вернется около пяти. 6. Он видел, что она сидела в кресле и просматривала журналы. 7. Он не слышал, как его дочь вошла в комнату. 8. Вы слышали, как он говорит по-английски? 9. Когда я вошла в комнату, я увидела, что она писала письма. 10. Его мать хочет, чтобы он стал врачом. 11. Я не спала и слышала, как она вышла из комнаты. 12. Я не ожидала, что они вернутся так скоро. 13. Я не могу понять, что заставило его отказаться от этой поездки. 14. Она не ожидала, что мы примем участие в этой конференции. 15. Я надеюсь, это заставит вас подумать, как найти выход из этого положения. 16. Она пропустила много занятий по болезни. Но мы предполагаем, что она быстро догонит группу. 17. Все считают ее умной и трудолюбивой. 18. Мы любим, когда он нам рассказывает интересные истории о своих путешествиях.

Ex. 24. Translate into English using predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. Этот дом, вероятно, будет построен в следующем месяце. 2. Предполагается, что на собрании выступит декан факультета. 3. Ее, кажется, очень хорошо обучили английскому языку. 4. Известно, что футбол — наиболее популярный вид спорта в Англии. 5. Вряд ли его спросят об этом. 6. Известно, что Московский университет был основан более 200 лет тому назад. 7. Она, наверное, напишет ему письмо. 8. Этот роман, кажется, переведен с французского. 9. Маловероятно, что они смогут достать билеты на этот спектакль. 10. Я слышала, что они спорили в соседней комнате, но когда я вошла туда, они замолчали. 11. Вряд ли они знают мой адрес. Они случайно заходили ко мне как-то с моим братом. Что заставляет вас думать, что они знают мой адрес? 12. Он наблюдал, как они торопливо шли по мосту по направлению к почте. 13. Всегда считалось, что русские леса богаты редкими породами пушных зверей. 14. Известно, что когда-то Британские острова были частью материка Европы. 15. Говорят, что они работают на Крайнем Севере с 1970 года. 16. Я слышала, как ребята шумели, когда их оставили одних в комнате. 17. Кажется, он очень пополнел за последнее время. Ему бы лучше соблюдать диету. 18. Вы, вероятно, придете проводить своего друга на станцию и помахать ему на прощание. Он будет рад вас видеть.

REVISION

Ex. 1. State the form of the infinitive.

1. They could hardly have been hidden on board. (A. Chr.) 2. I found that he didn't seem to be taking in what I was saying. (A. Chr.) 3. I don't want to seem always to be criticizing your methods. (P. W.) 4. I tried to imagine what had happened to drive the poor creature to that step. (S. M.) 5. The most elderly member of the party threw up his arms in what appeared to be a defensive gesture. (F. F.) 6. Soames was reserved about his affairs, but he must be getting a very warm man. (Galsw.) 7. "Well, I must be going," he said after a short pause. (Galsw.) 8. It is most unlikely, I must have made a mistake. (A. Chr.) 9. "There is something to be done, but what," she said. (White) 10. Even though he never seemed to have nickel to his name, he managed better than the others. (W. S.) 11. He had brought his way through to knowing — what peoples' motives are and what means they are likely to resort to in order to attain their goals. (F. F.) 12. I should have liked to say something final but I could not think of anything, I just said that I must be getting along and with a curt nod left him. (S. M.) 13. She has written over thirty novels and her works are beginning to be adapted for television and film. (M. D.) 14. You seem to have had a rotten time in Paris. (S. M.) 15. She was supposed to be a nice girl. (M. D.) 16. It had been put there to be washed. (White) 17. I didn't expect my novel to sell more than twenty thousand copies. (F. F.)

Ex. 2. Define the function of the infinitive.

1. I do not think it is necessary to insult Miss Elsa Hard's intelligence by telling her. (A. Chr.) 2. He made a supreme effort to break it. (Galsw.) 3. To say that I had not resented this foul deed which seemed to me deserving the title of the crime of the century, would be paltering the truth. (P. W.) 4. He wished to give her every chance. (Galsw.) 5. To tell it is to live through it all again. (0. W.) 6. Hers was not a face to command instant attention or recognition. (A. Chr.) 7. To have taken the field openly against his rival, would have been madness. (W. I.) 8. I'm not running a cafeteria here you know, whatever some people seem to think. (M. D.) 9. You're supposed to play without ceasing. (J. Sal.) 10. She had seen two men start toward her from opposite sides. (F. F.) 11. But though danger had been there for some time it was never likely to get acute. (A. Chr.) 12. You're all supposed to be intelligent. (J. Sal.) 13. The big problems of life seemed to solve themselves. (F. F.) 14. He hadn't expected Strickland to take him up on the sport and make his preparations to go there and then. (S. M.) 15. He took time to get his cigarette lighted. (J. Sal.) 16. I saw him take forcible possession of her hand. (Steve.) 17. The boys downstairs were supposed to wait until we gave it to them. (M. D.)

Ex. 3. Point out and define the type of infinitive constructions in the following sentences.

1. I just don't seem to care about it any more. (A. Chr.) 2. Then, as he turned up the street that led to the residence district, Judy began to cry quietly to herself. He had never seen her cry before. (F. F.) 3. "Do you expect me never to go anywhere?" Jonquil demanded, leaning back against the sofa-pillows until she seemed to look at him from many miles away. (F. F.) 4. He was forced several times to sit down on a bench, when crossing the park. (Cron.) 5. It's wonderful how everything seems to turn out right for me. (A. Chr.) 6. A young man was reported to be... completely under the thumb of his mother. (A. Chr.) 7. I watched the engine come nearer. (E. H.) 8. The lady turned out to be nice, and the chrysanthemums were enormous and extraordinary beautiful. (F. F.) 9. I feel therefore, that the time has come for me to set down all I know of the affair in black and white. (A. Chr.) 10. It was the first time I had ever heard her laugh. (E. H.) 11. Mr. Renauld declared that he was not likely to use the car. (A. Chr.) 12. The question of our agreeing or not agreeing to her plan did not seem to occur to her mind. (A. Chr.) 13. A young Minnesotan who seemed to have had nothing to do with his generation did a heroic thing. (F. F.) 14. Is that a likely thing to happen? (A. Chr.) 15. They appeared to be wealthy people with a passion for everything connected with the stage. (A. Chr.) 16. When the time had come for him to wear good clothes, he had known who were the best tailors in America. (F. F.) 17. Bosinney didn't seem to hear. (Galsw.) 18. But best of all, take them along and then you're sure to be on the safe side. (A. Chr.)

Ex. 4. Insert the particle "to" where required.

1. You would hardly ... believe it. (A. Chr.) 2. The inspector very kindly allowed me ... accompany him to the Three Anchors. (A. Chr.) 3. He'd better not ... let me ... catch sight of him. (S. M.) 4. I can't ... tell you how I hate it when I go out and I can't ... give satisfaction, so ... speak. (A. Chr.) 5. I didn't see anyone, but I did hear the front-door bell ... ring once or twice. (P. W.) 6. My friend motioned for him ... come in. (E. H.) 7. "You should better ... shut up the shop," she said. (K. Man.) 8. I better ... go in first. I mean we wouldn't want ... come in. (F. F.) 9. I want you ... go away because I have let myself ... get fond of you. (A. Chr.) 10. But after all, that's life, and Jeremy had better ... find it out. (White) 11. Andrew dared not... meet his wife's eyes. (Cron.) 12. "You shouldn't have let him ... get away with that," she said. (F. F.) 13. She has made him ... play first fiddle to that woman. (F. F.) 14. What did I expect ... happen? 15. Only Mr. Pellet was supposed ... fill in the initials, because he liked ... be sure where everybody was. (M. D.) 16. She seemed ... be making very lame excuses and James did not look at her. (Galsw.) 17. Pat caught Leam's eye but Learn happened ... look away at the moment. (F. F.) 18. I watched; the shore... come closer. (E. H.)

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian paying attention to the function of the infinitive and predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. This dog seems to have taken a fancy to you. (Galsw.) 2. He made up his mind to have another talk with Margot, and meanwhile he put the matter out of his head. (Cart.) 3. ...he would go there at once, and take very good care that he didn't have to go again on the same errand. (Galsw.) 4. It seems to be a very funny hobby for an elderly woman, doesn't it? (A. Chr.) 5. "I reckon people are about the same," he said, "wherever they happen to be." (White) 6. Mentally he appeared to exist on political abstractions. (White) 7. Mrs. Morel watched the sun sink from the glistening sky, leaving a soft flower-blue overhead. (Law.) 8. The vase was put in the cupboard to be shown to the curious until its wonder was forgotten. (White) 9. She appeared to be in high spirits and no one could have guessed that she had gone through a harassing experience. (S. M.) 10. To have approved his son's conduct in that crash was impossible. (Galsw.) 11. With his disinterested passion for art he had a real desire to pay-attention to a talent. (S. M.) 12. It is my duty to warn you that you run a great risk. (S. M.) 13. The new vicar had come from the East End and he couldn't be expected to fall in all at once. (S. M.) 14. ...they had a longing to get away from this painfulness, to get away quickly and go about their business and forget. (Galsw⁷.) 15. She brought her knees together firmly, as if to make herself a smaller unit. (J. Sal.) 16. Our host seems to be enjoying himself. (Rob.)

Ex. 6. Recast the following sentences so as to use subordinate clauses instead of constructions with the infinitive.

1. He saw a little elderly woman come towards him. 2. She suddenly observed Richard emerge from the drawing-room. 3. I hear the front door slam. 4. I believe him to have done nothing but harm. 5. "You seem to forget," she said, "that I am in a hurry." 6. Well, I can't seem to: find out exactly what happened... but I'm going to write about it as if it was ten times funnier than anything you've said. 7. She saw them build a fire. 8. ...yet her friends knew that she expected them to ask him to dinner at least once a year. 9. To our great surprise our visitor proved to be Mr. Green. 10. During the interminable moment she thought she heard loud voices downstairs—but she seemed to be indifferent. 11. It was supposed to be the only house left standing by the Spaniards when they shelled the place in fifteen hundred and something.

Ex. 7. Complete the following so as to use predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1. He appeared... . 2. Do you expect me... . 3. The teacher brought the article for... . 4. The translation proved too difficult for... . 5. When she went out with me she was supposed... . 6. "I absolutely agree," he was heard... . 7. It wasn't the sort of place he was likely... . 8. Have you got anything for me... ? 9. His novels happen... . 10. But a few moments later there was something for her... . 11. I'm sure you don't want him... . 12. He sat down quietly and allowed... . 13. I shall never forget the tactful patience with which he persuaded her... . 14. When we came back I made her... . 15. He would not permit me... . 16. Many highly trained workers are expected... . 17. No one must be allowed... . 18. There w'-as a dinner later and she was compelled... .

Ex. 8. Translate into English using predicative constructions with the infinitive.

1, Боссини сидел погруженный в свои печальные мысли и не заметил, что молодой Джолион смотрел на него. 2. Джо сделал вид, что он погружен в чтение газеты, когда увидел, что Амелия и Ребекка вошли в комнату. 3. Вполне вероятно, что она унаследовала характер своего отца. Она такая же добрая и отзывчивая. 4. Считается, что читать в оригинале романы Диккенса трудно. Только люди, владеющие английским языком, могут их оценить. 5. Дориан думал, что ничто не заставит его нарушить обещание, данное Сибилле Вейн. 6. Если он займется наукой, то, наверняка, станет хорошим ученым. 7. Если вам случится быть там снова, наведите справки. 8. Он не хочет, чтобы его приглашали туда. 9. Она не любит, когда ей задают вопросы. 10. Я хотел бы, чтобы меня спросили об этом.

Ex. 9. Read the following dialogue and point out predicative constructions with the infinitive in it. Make up your own dialogues using, predicative constructions with the infinitive.

DIALOGUE

Nora: Robert, I'd like you to do something for me.

Robert: (Irritably) Oh, 'what is it. Mum?

Nora: I want you to make up the stove for my bath.

Robert: But I'm busy. I'm doing my homework.

Nora: Do you think I haven't got any work to do? Look at all these clothes I've got to iron.

Robert: Yes, but do you expect me to stop in the middle of what I'm writing?

Nora: I can't make you help me if you don't want to; but I've seldom know you take so much interest in your homework. I only asked you to help me for a minute. I don't like my boys to be disagreeable.

Harry: Robert, do I understand you to say you refuse to help your mother? You oughtn't even to wait for her to ask you. I've been watching you "do your work", as you call it. Looking out of the window half the time! Let me tell you, young man, you need some real work to do. Never mind, Nora, let me help you.

Nora: Thank you, Harry. I'd just like the stove to be made up for me to have a bath. I haven't got used to this kind of stove yet — you understand it better. Harry: Oh yes. I'll soon get the water to boil. Where's the coal? (He shovels some coal into the stove) ... There, my boy, that didn't take me long to do, did it?

Robert: No, Dad, but I advise you to have another look inside the stove before you sit down again, I think the fire was out.

Harry: (Opening front of stove) Good heavens, so it was. Well, you're jolly well going to relight it, Robert. I refuse to.

Dual-Channel Exercises to Meet the Parkers, Tartu, 1965

Ex. 10. Translate into English using the required form of the infinitive.

1.Строить планы на лето – приятное занятие. Я хочу, чтобы моя семья провела отпуск на Кавказе, на берегу Черного моря. Несомненно, нам это очень понравится. 2. Ей ничего не оставалось сделать, как рассказать нам правду. 3. Кажется, они ничего не сделали, чтобы изменить ситуацию. 4. Вряд ли он написал эту контрольную хорошо. Говорят, что он пропустил много занятий. Хотя я считаю его способным студентом, эта тема слишком трудна, чтобы овладеть ею без достаточной тренировки. 5. Известно, что этот красивый мост был построен еще в середине прошлого века. 6. На нее приятно смотреть, когда она играет с детьми. 7. Ничто не могло его заставить изменить точку зрения, если он считал, что он прав. 8. Вам бы лучше принять это лекарство от насморка. 9. Он почувствовал, как его сердце забилось от радости. Он так давно хотел приобрести эту книгу. 10. Он первым сыграл эту роль в театре, и все нашли, что его игра превосходна. 11. Главное, что мы должны сделать – это не забыть спросить их мнение об этой поездке. 12. Он оказался большим знатоком оперного искусства. 13. Почему бы не попытаться попасть на этот спектакль? Вероятно, у входа будут продаваться лишние билеты. 14. Мы рады, что познакомились с достопримечательностями этого города. Нам было очень интересно узнать его историю. 15. Вот физические упражнения, которые помогут вам похудеть. 16. Я это говорю, чтобы вы правильно поняли мое поведение вчера. 17. У меня нет времени, чтобы пойти в парикмахерскую уложить волосы. 18. Этот рассказ слишком труден, чтобы он смог перевести его на немецкий без словаря.

Ex. 11. Translate into English using the required form of the infinitive.

1. Кажется, он отказался от плохой привычки читать во время еды. 2. Вам необходимо придерживаться диеты. Если вы хотите похудеть. 3. Видели, как шофер остановил машину около нашего дома. Но никто не видел, как Майкл сел в машину и уехал. 4. Девушка заставила их подать друг другу руки и обещать забыть ссору. 5. Я рад, что победил в шахматном чемпионате нашего института. 6.Единственный выход из этого положения – это регулярно заниматься спортом. Иначе ваш ребенок будет болеть постоянно. 7. Аня первой догадалась, что нужно делать в данной обстановке, если мы хотим добиться успеха. 8. Он не тот спортсмен, кто мог бы победить в мировом чемпионате. 9. Мы ожидали, что в этом озере много рыбы, и надеялись, что у нас будет хорошая рыбалка. 10. Я не настолько хорошо его знаю, чтобы просить у него совета. 11. Они слишком заняты на конференции сейчас, чтобы поехать на экскурсию. Нам надо бы согласовать время этой поездки заранее. 12. Его словам трудно поверить. 13. Известно, что многие люди поправили свое здоровье на этом курорте. Почему бы не поехать туда? 14. Почему бы не купить эту картину? Кажется, она стоит 200 рублей. 15. Говорят, что в этой библиотеке богатый выбор различных книг. 16. Тебе бы лучше держаться подальше от этого человека: он кажется очень хитрым и неискренним. 17. Вряд ли последняя книга этого писателя привлекла внимание читателей. Никто не знал даже, что она переведена на русский язык. 18. Она была удивлена, что не застала сестру дома. Вряд ли она забыла, что пригласила Джоан именно в это время. Должно быть произошло что-нибудь неожиданное. 19. Мне нечего вам сказать в свою защиту. Да, я действительно отказался выполнять эту работу, так как считал ее пустой тратой времени. 20. Нам бы лучше узнать друг друга поближе. 21. Если вам случится посетить этот город, обязательно сходите в картинную галерею. Вам несомненно понравятся картины, которые выставлены там.