- •Lecture 5 topic: the adjective. The adverb. Points for discussion:
- •Is the adjective always dependent on the nouns?
- •Which grammatical categories can the adjective have in the English language?
- •Which syntactical functions can this part of speech have in a sentence
- •5.1.1. General characteristics of the adjective as a part of speech (slide )
- •5.1.2. Adjectival classifications: the main approaches to the problem
- •Some points to clarify:
- •Where lies the fallacy of semantical classifications 2 and 3?
- •Where lies the fallacy of structural classifications?
- •What principals are the adjectival classifications based on?
- •5.2. The problem of the degree of comparison. The syntactical and analytical forms. The problems of the category.
- •The main forms of the degrees of comparison
- •Some points to clarify:
- •What are the main grounds for existing the analytical forms of degrees of comparison?
- •2. Do syntactical and analytical forms of the degrees of comparison correspond to each other?
- •3. How many degrees of comparison are distinguished?
- •4. Which principals are the models of comparison based on?
- •Some points to clarify:
- •5.3. Statives as grammatical notion. The problem of statives.
- •Grounds for seeing statives as separate parts of speech
- •5.4. The main adjectival oppositions.
- •3. 6. The noun: its syntactical properties
- •Closed form
- •Hyphenated form
- •Open form
- •The ways of expressing ‘the absolute singular’
- •1. Composition
- •2. Affixation
Closed form
In this form you may combine two suitable nouns together and form a single word.
Consider the examples for better understanding: Barmaid, Bathroom, Breakdown, Buttermilk, and Butterscotch
Hyphenated form
In this form you are free combine a suitable noun pair with a hyphen inserted in between each word. (Here hyphens separate words)
Consider the examples: Air-brake, Baby-sitter, Daughter-in-law, Editor-in-chief, Master-at-arms, Over-the-counter, White-wash
Open form
In this form there is a need to leave a single space between suitable nouns. No need for hyphens. Consider the examples: Attorney general, Fish tank, Half sister, Post office, Real estate, and Middle class.
APPENDIX 3
THE FIELD STRUCTURE OF THE NOUN.
Nouns |
Place taken in the field structure |
Morphological properties |
Syntactical properties |
CONCRETE |
CENTRE |
—singular and plural forms —articles according to the rules
|
All possible |
ANIMATE |
CENTRE |
The same |
The same but the attributive |
ABSTRACT |
PERIPHERY |
Singular form |
The same but the attributive |
MATERIAL |
PERIPHERY |
Singular form |
All possible |
APPENDIX 4
THE EXAMPLES OF POSSIBLE CORRELATIONS WHILE TRANSLATING THE NOUNS AND NOUNAL COMBINATIONS FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN
This house is very old. Этот дом очень старый.
I'll take those books. Я возьму те книги.
Where is my pencil? Где мой карандаш?
Her dictionary is on the table. Ее словарь на столе.
Peter's father is a doctor. Отец Петра — врач.
My brother's wife has gone to Leningrad. Жена моего брата уехала в Ленинград.
There were many students at the meeting. На собрании было много студентов.
Some people do not like meat. Некоторые люди не любят мяса.
Come at any time. Приходите в любое время.
Не goes there every day. Он ходит туда каждый день.
Whose pencil is this? Чей это карандаш?
On which floor do you live? На каком (котором) этаже вы живете?
What books have you read? Какие книги вы читали?
There is a lamp on the table. На столе лампа.
The director has just come. Директор только что пришел.
Give me some stamps, please. Дайте мне марок, пожалуйста.
Have you got any books on rаdio? Есть ли у вас книги по радио?
Pushkin created the Russian litеrагу language. Пушкин создал русский литературный язык.
His first scientific work was а great success. Его первая научная работа имела большой успех.
APPENDIX 5