1. The subject clause / Шдметове шдрядне речения

This type of subordinate sentence or clause performs the function of the subject in regard to the principal clause. If such a type of clause is eliminated then the principal clause becomes incomplete and looses its sense.

In English such sentences are joined with the help of the conjunctions that, whether, if and the connective words (сполучш слова) who, what, which, the pronouns whatever, whoever, whichever, the pronominal adverbs where, when, why, how, e.g.:

That he has made this mistake is strange. Whether he will come is uncertain.

Ukrainian subject clauses are most often connected with the help of relative pronouns xmo, що in the form of different cases. The main clause necessarily contains the correlative (or demonstrative) word which performs the function of the formal subject, most often these are such words as - той, та, me, mi, or весь (вся, все, eci). Compare:

Перемагае той, xmo Heeidcmynno бореться. Bci, xmo побачив його, вклонилися.

When a demonstrative word is absent the connection between the principal and subordinate parts of the sentence becomes closer and acquires the adversative meaning, e.g.:

Що не склонилось - ожило, що не скорилось ~ не зшито з народно!дороги (А. Малишко) [5; 143-144].

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2. The predicative clause / Присудкове пвдрядне

речения

Clauses of this type are connected with the help of auxiliary part of the compound predicate of the principal clause and substitute or complement its predicative member (that is the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate). In English such sentences are connected with the help of the conjunctions that, whether, if, as if, and the connective words what, who, why, where, how, when, e.g.:

This is what I have thought for the last fifteen years.

The weather is not what it was yesterday.

The authors of different grammars do not coincide in their views regarding the type of such subordinate sentences which refer to the principal clause with the formal subject it, e.g.: It is strange thttt he should behave so. The majority of linguists consider such clauses to be subject subordinate clauses. The linguist L.L. Ioffic is of the view that such sentences can be regarded as predicative subordinate clauses. He considers that the principal clause has the impersonal character and the relations between the adjective of the principal clause and the subordinate clause are similar to the relations between the parts of the compound predicate.

In Ukrainian predicative clauses are connected with the principal clause by means of the conjunctions and the connective words xmo, що, який, щоб and others. The principal clause contains necessarily the correlative word той (та, me, mi), or такий (maKfo таке, mam), e.g.:

Bin не такий, щоб без дша cudimu. Ми — mi, що ей хотЫ^и бачити [5; 144].

3. The object/objective clause / Шдрядне додаткове

речения

English object clauses are connected by means of the conjunctions that, whether, if and those connective words that are used for subject and predicative subordinate clauses. The asyndetic connection of object clauses is also widespread.

In Ukrainian the most characteristic conjunctions of object clauses are що and щоб. Besides, the following connective words are

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also widely used: pronouns xmo, що, який, чий, котрий, стшьки, adverbs як, де, куди, зеШки, коли, чому, нащо. Compare:

We didn 't forget that our destination was far away.

Ми не забували, що до мети ще далеко.

As well as in other types of subordinate sentences main sentences can have demonstrative or correlative words той, та, me, mi: Скориставшисъ з того, що я eideepuyecn, вт проскочив у хату.

In object clauses which present the indirect speech in English the phenomenon of sequence of tenses is widely spread. In Ukrainian this phenomenon is absent [5; 146-147].