3. The classification of words

A morpheme usually has more than one meaning. This is the case, for instance, with both the lexical and the grammatical morpheme in the word runs. The morpheme run- has the following meanings: 1) "move with quick steps" (The boy runs fast); 2) "flow" (A tear runs ...); 3) "become" (to run dry); 4) "manage" (run a business); 5) "cause to move" (run a car), and many others. The meanings of the -s morpheme are as follows: 1) "present tense"; 2) "indicative mood"; 3) "third person"; 4) "singular number"; 5) "non-continuous aspect" and some others.

All the lexical meanings of the word runs, inherent in the morpheme run-, unite this word with to run, running, will run, shall run, has run, had run, is running, was running etc. into one group called a lexeme.

All the grammatical meanings of the word runs, inherent in the morpheme -s, unite this word with walks, stands, sleeps, skates lives and a great many other words into a group we shall call a grammeme.

The words of a lexeme or of a grammeme are united not only by the meanings of the corresponding morpheme, but by its form too. Still the content is of greater importance, with the form often differing

considerably. The words runs and ran, for instance, have the same lexical meanings and belong therefore to the same lexeme in spite of the formal difference. A similar example can illustrate formal variations of a grammatical morpheme uniting words into a grammeme: lived, walked, skated, slept, ran, went.

	Lexeme 1	Lexeme 2
Grammeme 1	boy	girl	common case, singular number
Grammeme 2	boy's	girl's	possessive case, singular number
Grammeme 3	boys	girls	common case, plural number
Grammeme 4	boys'	girls'	possessive case, plural number
	male, child, son, male, servant, etc.	female, child, daughter, maid servant, etc.	meanings of lexemes	meanings of grammemes

As we see, each word of a lexeme represents a certain grammeme, and each word of a grammeme represents a certain lexeme. The set of grammemes represented by all the words of a lexeme is its paradigm. The set of lexemes represented by all the words of a grammeme is usually so large that is therefore has got no name. But it is of necessity to recollect the fact that in actual speech a lexical morpheme displays only one meaning of the bunch in each case, and that meaning is singled out by the context or the situation of speech (that is syntagmatically, in grammar language) [24; 19-22].