5.3. The Future Tense. The tense form "Future-in-the-past" and sequence of tenses of the English language.

The Future Tense. In Ukrainian forms of the future tense are not created equally for all verbs. Verbs of the perfective aspect, which do not have forms of the present tense, form the future tense with the help of personal endings of present tense, e.g.: прочитаю, напишеш,

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/юзкажу (compare: читаю, пишеш, кажу). So the meaning of the iuture tense is connected here not with endings but with the word formation means: prefixation, change or addition of the suffix, the change of the root vowel, the stress change and different combination of these means.

Verbs of the imperfective aspect have two forms of the future lense: 1) the analytical one which is created from the personal form of the future tense of the help verb бути and the infinitive of the conjugated verb, e.g.: буду працювати, будемо cnieamu; 2) the synthetic form, which is formed by adding to the infinitive base of the conjugated verb personal endings, created from the former forms of the verb яти (иняти, йняти), e.g.: писати-му, -меш, -ме, -мемо, -мете, -муть.

In English all verbs form their future tense equally and are analytical ones. According to the character of the course of action in English there are several aspect-tense forms to denote the action taking place in the future.

The Future Indefinite is formed with the help of auxiliary verbs shall and will with the infinitive of the verb, which expresses the lexical meaning of this construction. This form can render either the single or the repeated action. In Ukrainian it corresponds to the future of both the perfective aspect and the imperfective aspect, depending on the content of a sentence.

The Future Continuous tense is formed by the combination of the auxiliary verb "to be" in the Future Indefinite and the Present Participle of the verb expressing the lexical meaning. This form renders the action as a process that will be taking place during some limited period of time, including some definite future moment.

One more future tense - the Future Perfect - is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb "to have" in Future indefinite and Past Participle of the verb, expressing the lexical meaning. This verb form renders the action that should finish before a definite moment in the future. The form of the Future Perfect Continuous is used much more rarely.

Unlike the English language where the usage of the future tense is impossible in conditional and some other tense sentences, in

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Ukrainian sentences the usage of the future tense is not limited by the type of the sentence.

The tense form "Future-in-the-past" and sequence of tenses of the English language. The typical feature of tense forms of the English verb is the fact that many of them render the action that happened not according to the moment of speaking but in accordance with some "center" of the corresponding tense. The vivid example of it is the Future-in-the-Past tense, which renders the action that should take place after some definite past moment; in this case such a point is considered as a "tense center". These tense forms are created with the help of auxiliary verbs "should" and "would" and the corresponding infinitive form of the verb, expressing the lexical meaning. Such tense forms are used in Indefinite and in continuous aspects, also in the category of the tense reference (the Future-Perfect-in-the-Past). The peculiarity of "future-in-the-past" forms is the dependable character of their usage: these forms are usually used in complex sentences, when the so called sequence of tenses takes place.

The phenomenon of sequence of tenses is the characteristic regularity of English syntax. Its sense is that the verb-predicate of the subordinate sentence renders the action not in accordance to the moment of speaking, but in accordance to the action expressed by the verb in the main sentence (if the later one is used in the past tense. That is why in such complex sentences the predicate is as if coordinated with the form of the past tense, by which the predicate of the main sentence is expressed, is also expressed by the past tense or "future-in-the-past" form.

In Ukrainian in such cases we can observe another usage of tense forms. For example, in the sentence with indirect speech Bin сказав, що щ Ывчина вчиться в umoni the action вчитъся is considered as such that is happening simultaneously with the action of the verb-form сказав. Using forms of the present tense вчитъся, the author as if considers the action of the subordinate sentence from the point of view of the moment, when there happened the action expressed by the verb-form сказав. So in such a case the author of the sentence uses in the indirect speech this or that tense form as if being carried in his thoughts into the past [5; 83-86].