- •Contents:
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Theoretical study
- •2.1 History
- •2.2 Languages
- •2.3 Modern Celts
- •2.4 Celtic revival and Romanticism
- •2.5 Contemporary Celtic identity
- •2.6 Celtic nations
- •2.7 Migration from Celtic countries
- •2.8 Music
- •2.9 Festivals
- •2.10 Celtic mythology
- •2.10.1 Meadow
- •2.10.2 Patrick
- •2.10.3 Exile of snakes and the doctrine of shamrock
- •2.10.3 Sacred running water
- •2.11 Celtic National Cuisine
- •Irish Stew
- •Irish coffee
- •Appendix 1. Pictures
- •Appendix 2. Tables
- •Appendix 3. Trees
- •Celtic Connections
Irish coffee
1 (1.5 fluid ounce) jigger Irish cream liqueur
1 (1.5 fluid ounce) jigger Irish whiskey
1 cup hot brewed coffee
1 tablespoon whipped cream
1 dash ground nutmeg
Directions
In a coffee mug, combine Irish cream and Irish whiskey. Fill mug with coffee. Top with a dab of whipped cream and a dash of nutmeg.
3. Practical study
4. Conclusion
5. Bibliography
Dictionnary The Veil of Isis or Mysteries of the Druids
Энциклопедия Кельтской Мифологии
Н. Широкова "Мифы Кельтских Народов"
Джон Шарки "Кельтские Тайны. Древняя Религия"
К. Гюйонварх, Ф. Леру "Кельтская Цивилизация "
6. Appendices
Appendix 1. Pictures
Appendix 2. Tables
Living Celtic Languages:
Language |
Native name |
Grouping |
Native speakers |
Total speakers |
Main area where the language is spoken |
Language body |
Welsh |
Cymraeg |
Brythonic |
450,000+ |
750,000+: — Wales: 611,000 — England: 150,000 — Chubut Province, Argentina: 5,000 |
Wales; Chubut |
Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg (though not in Chubut) |
Irish |
Gaeilge |
Goidelic |
from 40,000 to 80,000 people. In the republic, just over 72,000 people |
Ireland (sovereign state) 538,283, United Kingdom 95,000, USA 18,000. (Irish census figures indicate 1,738,384 with some knowledge but a significant percentage of these know only a little Irish.) |
Ireland |
Foras na Gaeilge |
Breton |
Brezhoneg |
Brythonic |
? |
200,000 |
Brittany |
Ofis ar Brezhoneg |
Scottish Gaelic |
Gàidhlig |
Goidelic |
58,552 as of 2001 as well as an estimated 400-1000 native speakers on Cape Breton Island |
92,400 |
Scotland |
Bòrd na Gàidhlig |
Cornish |
Kernowek |
Brythonic |
600 |
3,000 |
Cornwall |
Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek |
Manx |
Gaelg |
Goidelic |
100, including a small number of children who are new native speakers |
1,700 |
Isle of Man |
Coonceil ny Gaelgey |
Comparison table of some Celtic words’ spelling
Welsh |
Cornish |
Breton |
Irish |
Scottish Gaelic |
Manx |
English |
gwenynen |
gwenenen |
gwenanenn |
beach |
seillean, beach |
shellan |
bee |
cadair |
kador |
kador |
cathaoir |
cathair |
caair |
chair |
caws |
keus |
keuz |
cáis |
càis(e) |
caashey |
cheese |
tu fas, tu allan |
yn-mes |
er-maez |
amuigh |
a-muigh |
mooie |
outside |
cwympo |
kodha |
kouezhañ |
tit(im) |
tuit(eam) |
tuitt(ym) |
(to) fall |
gafr |
gaver |
gavr |
gabhar |
gobhar |
goayr |
goat |
tŷ |
chi |
ti |
teach, tigh |
taigh |
thie |
house |
gwefus |
gweus |
gweuz |
liopa |
bile, lip |
meill |
lip (anatomical) |
aber |
aber |
aber |
inbhear |
inbhir |
inver |
mouth of a river, estuary |
rhif, nifer |
niver |
niver |
uimhir |
àireamh |
earroo |
number |
gellygen, peren |
peren |
perenn |
piorra |
peur/piar |
peear |
pear |
ysgol |
skol |
skol |
scoil |
sgoil |
scoill |
school |
ysmygu |
megi |
mogediñ |
tobac a chaitheamh |
smocadh |
toghtaney/smookal |
(to) smoke |
seren |
steren |
steredenn |
réalta |
reul |
rollage |
star |
heddiw |
hedhyw |
hiziv |
inniu |
an-diugh |
jiu |
today |
chwibanu |
hwibana |
c'hwibanat |
feadaíl |
fead |
fed |
(to) whistle |
chwarel |
mengleudh |
mengleuz |
cairéal |
coireall, cuaraidh |
quarral |
quarry |
llawn |
leun |
leun |
lán |
làn |
lane |
full |
arian |
arhans |
arc'hant |
airgead |
airgead |
argid |
silver |
arian |
mona, arhans |
moneiz |
airgead |
airgead |
argid |
money |