I. Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их заменителями.

1. Can you swim? 2. May I come in? 3. Could you offer me some job? 4. You have to take the dog out for a walk, I am very busy. 5. This is your baby-sitter. You should be nice to her. 6.1 need these papers today.

П. Составьте рекомендации по технике безопасности. Употребите глаголы в повелительном наклонении:

to be attentive, to put on protective clothing, to safeguard eyes, to keep power source outside the welding area, to use metal coating, to remove all combustible materials

Ш. Перепишите и переведите письменно предложения и еловосочетания, обратите внимание на многозначность предлогов.

1. Jim always asks after your health. 2. They have never asked out to dinner with them. 3.1 was born in a small town. 4. There is a big castle (замок) in the center of the town and a few fine churches. 5. There are some books on the desk. 6. 1 am very busy on Monday.

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IV. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She watched the children play the piano. 2. He ordered the windows to be shut. 3. I am pleased to meet you. 4. It's necessary for me to finish work in time. 5. She is said to be a very talented poet. 6. The children waited the performance to begin.

IV. Определите, от каких частей речи образованы выделенные слова, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There is an underground in our city. 2. She waters flowers in the evening. 3. All types of emission are most effective in vacuum. 4. My elder brother is a teacher. 5. Galileo established the fundamental conceptions of kinematics and dynamics. 6. Happiness was on their faces.

VI. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, напишите числительные

прописью.

1. The height of the mountains in the Caucasus is above 4 kilometres. 2. Galileo became famous in 1610. 3. We have lunch at 12 a.m. 4. Galilei lived in the 16^th century. 5. Room 48 is at the end of the corridor. 6. My sister is nearly 15.

VII. Прочитайте текст, переведите его письменно и составьте план.

The History of the Automobile.

A single inventor did not invent the automobile in a single day. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. Starting with the first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton. In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 Vi mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separated from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front. The following year (1779), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers.

In 1771. Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stonewall, making Cugnot the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident. This was the beginning of bad luck for the inventor. After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the other was exiled, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended. Steam engines powered cars by burning fuel that heated water in a boiler, creating steam that expanded and pushed pistons that turned the crankshaft, which then turned the wheels. During the early history of self-propelled vehicles - both road and railroad vehicles were being developed with steam engines. (Cugnot also designed two steam locomotives with engines that never worked well). Steam engines added so much weight to a vehicle that they proved a poor design for road vehicles; however, steam engines were very successfully used in locomotives. Historians, who accept that early steam-powered road vehicles were automobiles, feel that Nicolas Cugnot was the inventor of the first automobile.

After Cugnot several other inventors designed steam-powered road vehicles. Frenchman, Onesiphore

Pecqueur, improved Cugnot's vehicle, which also invented the first differential gear.

In 1789, the first U.S. patent for a steam-powered land vehicle was granted to Oliver Evans.

In 1801, Richard Trevithick built a road carriage powered by steam - the first in Great Britain.

In Britain, from 1820 to 1840, steam- powered stagecoaches were in regular service. These were later

banned from public roads and Britain's railroad system developed as a result.

In the United States, numerous stem coaches were built from 1860 to 1880. Inventors included: Harrison

Dyer, Joseph Dixon, Rufus Porter, and William T. James.

18 Wordlist

to estimate считать, оценивать

to haul тянуть, тащить, волочить

crankshaft коленчатый вал

gear передача, скорость