- •1.Geographical Position of g.B.
- •2.Nature, coasts, relief and climate of g.B.
- •3.Inland waters, vegetation and animal life in g.B.
- •4.Mineral Resources and Economy of g.B.
- •5.England.
- •6.Scotland.
- •8.Northern Ireland.
- •Anglo-Saxon England.
- •12.England after the Norman Conquest.
- •16. The Victorian Age.
- •17.British Monarchy today.
- •18. Modern Britain.
- •19.London
- •20. The British at Home.
- •21. The British at Leisure.
- •23. The Cultural Heritage of g.B.
- •25.Climate and weather of us.
- •In contrast, the southern states are known as the Sunbelt, where it rarely drops below freezing.
- •32 Us Constitution.
- •34. Us Government.
- •35. Political Parties and Elections in us.
- •38. Us Press.
- •Golden Age of Hollywood
- •40. Sports and Physical Culture in us
- •41. Patterns of the American Family
- •42.Home ownership in us.(архитектура)
- •43.American Traditions and Holidays.
- •47.Australia: the common view.
- •48.Countrystuding competence.
47.Australia: the common view.
Geography . Cities : Capital—Canberra (pop. 358,000). Other cities—Sydney (4.6 million), Melbourne (4.1 million), Brisbane (2 million), Perth (1.7 million), Adelaide (1.2 million), Darwin (128,000), Hobart (215,000). Climate: Relatively dry and subject to drought, ranging from temperate in the south to tropical in the far north. People Nationality: Noun and adjective—Australian(s). Religions (2006 census): Catholic 26%, Anglican 19%, other Christian 19%, other non-Christian 1%, Buddhist 2.1%, Islam 1.7%, no religion 19%, and not stated 12%. Languages: English. Government Type: Constitutional monarchy: democratic, federal-state system. Constitution: Passed by the British Parliament on July 9, 1900. Independence (federation): January 1, 1901. Branches: Executive—Queen Elizabeth II (head of state, represented by a governor general); the monarch appoints the governor general on the advice of the prime minister.Legislative—bicameral Parliament (76-member Senate, 150-member House of Representatives).
Administrative subdivisions: Six states and two territories
Immigration has been vital to Australia's development since the beginning of European settlement in 1788. For generations, most settlers came from the British Isles, and the people of Australia are still predominantly of British or Irish origin, with a culture and outlook similar to those of Americans. Non-British/Irish immigration has increased significantly since World War II through an extensive, planned immigration program. Since 1945, 7 million migrants have settled in Australia, including 700,000 refugee and humanitarian entrants.
Although Australia has fewer than three people per square kilometer, it is one of the world's most urbanized countries. Less than 2.5% of the population lives in remote or very remote areas.
Cultural Achievements Much of Australia's culture is derived from European roots, but distinctive Australian features have evolved from the environment, aboriginal culture, and the influence of Australia's neighbors. The vigor and originality of the arts in Australia--film, opera, music, painting, theater, dance, and crafts--have achieved international recognition.
GOVERNMENT The Commonwealth government is a constitutional monarchy with a Constitution patterned partly on the U.S. Constitution, although it does not include a "bill of rights." Powers of the Commonwealth are specifically defined in the Constitution, and the residual powers remain with the states. Proposed changes to the Constitution must be approved by the Parliament and the people, via referendum. Australia is an independent nation within the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and since 1973 has been officially styled "Queen of Australia." The Queen is represented federally by a governor general and in each state by a governor. By convention, the governor general generally acts on the advice of the prime minister and other ministers. However the governor general has "reserve powers," including the power to dismiss ministers, last exercised in 1975.
Each state is headed by a premier, who is the leader of the party with a majority or a working minority in the lower house of the state legislature. (Queensland is an exception, with a unicameral parliament.) Australia's two self-governing territories have political systems similar to those of the states, but with unicameral assemblies. Each territory is headed by a chief minister who is the leader of the party with a majority or a working minority in the territory's legislature. More than 670 local councils assist in the delivery of services such as road maintenance, sewage treatment, and the provision of recreational facilities. At the apex of the court system is the High Court of Australia. It has general appellate jurisdiction over all other federal and state courts and possesses the power of constitutional review.
ECONOMY Australia's economy is dominated by its services sector, yet it is the agricultural and mining sectors that account for the bulk of Australia's exports.