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14

Future Tenses

Future Simple (will + bare infinitive) is used:

  • for predictions about the future, based on what we think, believe or imagine, using the verbs think, believe, expect, etc the expressions be sure, be afraid etc, and adverbs probably, certainly, perhaps, etc. e.g. I’m sure, Bill will get the job.

  • for decisions made at the moment of speaking. E.g. We’ve run out of milk. I’ll go to the supermarket and get some.

  • for promises, threats, warnings, requests, hopes and offers. E.g. Will you help me with my history essay?

  • for actions, events, situations which will definitely happen in the future and which we cannot control. E.g. Ben will be five years old in August.

BE GOING TO is used:

  • for plans, intentions or ambitions for the future. E.g. I’m going to India one day.

  • actions we have already decided to do in the near future. E.g. Nick is going to visit his friends in London next week.

  • predictions based on what we can see or what we know, especially when there is evidence that something will happen. E.g. There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It’s going to be a beautiful day.

Time expressions used with the future simple and be going to:

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/ month/ year/ summer, etc, in a week/ month etc.

Future Continuous (will be + present participle) is used:

  • for actions which will be in progress at a stated future time. E.g. I’m going on holiday to Spain. This time next week I’ll be lying in the sun.

  • for actions which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement. E.g. I will be playing tennis with Andy tomorrow morning.

  • to ask politely about someone’s plans for the near future. E.g. Will you be driving to the party tonight? Would you be able to give me a lift?

Future Perfect (will have + past participle) is used:

  • for an action which will be finished before a stated time in the future. E.g. They will have arrived in London by 5 p.m.

Time expressions used with the future perfect:

before, by, by then, by the time, until/ till

Until/ till are only used in negative sentences: She will not have finished the report until/ till 5 p.m.

Future Perfect Continuous ( will have been + present participle) is used:

  • to emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future. E.g. By June, he will have been teaching in this school for fifteen years.

!!! The future perfect continuous is used with by … for.

Present Continuous (am/ is/ are + present participle) is used

for actions we have decided and arranged to do in the near future. E.g. I’m flying to Lisbon tomorrow morning.

Present Simple is used:

  • for future actions when we refer to timetables, programs etc. e.g. The bus arrives in Liverpool at 7:30.

  • in subordinate clauses following words like if, unless, in case, before, after, when, while, till/ until, as, whenever, suppose/ supposing, once, as soon as, as long as, on condition that etc. e.g. Call me as soon as you get back.

  • in subordinate clauses following words like what/ who/ which/ whatever/ wherever etc. e.g. I don’t care what happens next year. Don’t forget to email me, wherever you are.

!!! We use future forms with:

when – if it is a used as a question word. E.g. When will you be seeing Mike next?

If/ whether - after the expressions showing uncertainty, ignorance, etc. such as I don’t know, I doubt, I’m not sure, I wonder, etc. e.g. I doubt whether she will come today.

Other Ways of Expressing Future

to be + Infinitive for actions which are officially arranged. E.g. The Prime Minister is to visit Pakistan early next year.

To be about to do/ on the point of doing/ on the verge of doing to talk about something that is going to happen very soon. E.g. Jo is about to give up/ on the point/ verge of giving up her university studies, because she really hates it.

To be (un)likely to do is used for making predictions. E.g. Mass space travel is unlikely to become a reality.

To be due to do is used for actions planned to happen at a particular time. E.g. The

game is due to start 8pm.

To be sure/ to be certain / to be bound to do are used to express certainty about the future. E.g. This plan is sure to succeed.

Future in the Past

  • If we talk about plans or intentions in the past, we use the past continuous or was/ were going to. E.g. we had to go to bed early, as we were all getting up at 6 the following morning.

  • We often talk about things which were planned in the past but didn’t take place. E.g. I was about to say when you interrupted me.

  • We use would or was/ were to talk about an action which did take place, but it was still in the future and not anticipated at that time. E.g. Who would have believed that this unknown teenager was to become one of the world’s greatest movie stars

98. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense to describe the future. Comment on their use.

A) Tomorrow night my friend Sophie ___________ (come) to visit me. Her train ____________ (arrive) at six o’clock and since I ______________ (still/ work) at that time, we ___________ (meet) in the city centre at seven. I’m sure that we ____________ (have) dinner at Gianni’s because we always seem to end up there. By the time we have finished eating I guess that Sophie ______________ (persuade) me to take her to the cinema because there’s a film that she wants to see.

B) Dear Sally,

By the time you get this letter, I 1)____________ (be) on my way to a sales conference in the Bahamas! I still can’t believe that my boss said I could go. The company limo 2)____________ (pick) me up from my house at 6:30 on Friday morning and by 7 pm I 3)_______________ (sit) on the beach, watching my first Bahamian sunset. The conference 4)_____________ (finish) on Friday but my flight doesn’t leave until Sunday so I 5)_______________ (spend) the whole weekend swimming, sunbathing and sightseeing.

Well I’d better go because I 6)_____________ (meet) Darla in town in half an hour. She 7)______________ (help) me shop for a new bathing suit.

I promise I 8)_______________ (buy) you a really tacky souvenir and, of course, 9)____________ (take) lots of photos.

I 10)____________ (call) you as soon as I 11)_____________ (get) back.

Take care of yourself,

Love, Nicola

C) Dear Ann,

I’m writing to tell you all about my plans for the summer. I’m very excited! I think it 1)_____________ (be) the best summer ever!

This July, I 2)____________ (travel) to Mexico. As soon as I 3)__________ (receive) this month’s pay check, I 4)__________ (book) my tickets and I 5)___________ (also/ buy) some new summer clothes. Hopefully, I 6)__________ (have) enough money left over to buy a new camera as well, because I’m sure I 7)_________ (see)b lots of interesting places during my trip.

On 4th of August, I 8)__________ (have) a big party at my house, because it’s my 30th birthday. It 9)___________ (be) great, with lots of brilliant music and tasty food. I hope, you 10)____________ (come)!

Well, I’ve got a lot to do, so I 11)__________ (say) goodbye for now. I 12)______________ (write) again when I 13)______________ (get) back from Mexico to tell you all about it!

99. Put the verbs in the conversation. Use will or the present simple.

Sarah: If (e.g.) you take (you / take) a train, (e.g.) it’ll be (it / be) much more comfortable. If (1) … (you / need) a car, you can hire one when (2) … (you / get) to Glasgow.

Mark: If (3) … (I / hire) a car, (4) … (it / be) too complicated. I’d rather take my own.

Sarah: It’s too dangerous. You might fall asleep on the motorway.

Mark: I won’t fall asleep. I can play loud music. Anyway, (5) … (I / get) there much quicker when (6) … (there / be) no traffic on the road. As soon as (7) … (I / arrive), (8) … (I / ring) you, I promise.

Sarah: (9) … (I / be) worried until (10) … (I / hear) from you. But don’t ring before (11) …(I / be) awake in the morning.

Mark: (12) … (I / lie) down for a couple of hours before (13) … (I/go).

Sarah: Good idea. (14) … (you / be) exhausted tomorrow if (15) … (you / not / get) some sleep this evening.

100. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite,the Future Continuous and the Future Perfect.

  1. We (come) at 5 o’clock. ~ Good, I (wait) for you.

  2. I (suppose) when I (come) back home in two years’ time they (pull) down all these old buildings.

  3. By the time you (finish) cooking, they (do) their work.

  4. When I (get) home, my dog (sit) waiting for me.

  5. It (be) the middle of July. They (come) soon.

  6. If you (want) see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at midday.

  7. At this time next week they (sit) in the train on their way to London.

  8. I (call) for her at 8. ~ No, don’t; she still (have) breakfast then.

  9. It’s getting dark; the street lights (go) in a few minutes.

  10. It is nearly autumn, soon the leaves (change) their colour.

  11. Don’t ring her up at 12. She (write) her essay then.

  12. I still (be) here next summer but Tom (leave).

  13. You’ve just missed the train. ~ Never mind, I (walk) then.

Future forms

The present continuous and the future simple 132

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1 Tom: Where you (go) for your next holiday? ( Where have you arranged to go?) Ann: I don't know yet but we probably (go) to Spain.

2 We (have) a drink with Peter tonight. (He has invited us.) It's his last night; he (leave) tomorrow.

3 Ann: Do you think we (see) Bill tomorrow? Mary: I hope so. He probably (look) in on his way to the airport.

4 I (see) my bank manager tomorrow. (7 have arranged this.) I'm going to ask him for a loan but I expect he (refuse).

5 I (know) the result tomorrow. As soon as I hear, I (tell) you.

6 Jack's mother: Jack (be) ready in a moment. He is just finishing breakfast.

Jack's father: If I wait for him any longer I (miss) my train. I think I (walk) on; he probably (catch) me up.

7 I probably (come) to London some time next month. I (give) you a ring nearer the time and tell you when I (come), {when I have decided/arranged to come)

8 Hotel Porter: You (get) a parking ticket if you leave your car there, sir. If you (stay) the night (have arranged to stay) you (have to) put it in the hotel garage. Tourist: All right. I (move) it as soon as I've arranged about a room.

9 Ann: I've scorched Bill's shirt. Whatever he (say)? Mary: Oh, he (not mind). He just (buy) another shirt. He has plenty of money.

10 Peter: We'd better leave a message for Jack. Otherwise he (not know) where we've gone. George: All right. I (leave) a note on his table.

11 Jack: I don't want to get married. I never (get) married. Mother: You think that now. But one day you (meet) a girl and you (fall) in love.

12 Tom: I (go) to York tomorrow. (/ have arranged to go.) Ann: You (come) back the same day? (Have you arranged to come back?) Tom: No. I probably (have) to spend the night there.

13 Peter: You (walk) home? (Have you decided to walk?) Andrew: Yes. It's too late for a bus.

Peter: But it's pouring. You (get) soaked! Here, take this umbrella. Andrew: Thanks very much. I (bring) it back tomorrow.

14 Jack: I (have) another window put in. (I have arranged this.) They (start) work on it tomorrow. Ann: That (make) the room much brighter.

15 You (take) any exams this term? (Have you decided to take an exam?) ~ Yes, I (take) an English exam at the end of the month. ~ Do you think you (pass)? ~I don't know. If I don't, I (take) it again at the end of next term.

16 Where you (meet) Tom? (Where have you arranged to meet him?) ~ We (meet) at Covent Garden. He (take) me to see The Magic Flute.

17 What you (do) next weekend? ( What plans have you made?) ~It depends on the weather. If it's fine we (go) somewhere in the car; if it's wet we probably (stay) at home.

18 When Jack (arrive)? ( When did he say he 'd arrive?) ~ Some time this evening. ~ And how he (get) here? (How has he arranged to travel?) ~ I don't know yet. I suppose he (come) by car.

19 What they (do) for their holidays? (Have they decided to do?) ~They (go) camping. ~

And what (happen) to their dog? (What plans have they made for the dog?) ~ They (take) the dog with them. I think he (enjoy) it more than they will.

20 Don't make a sound or you (wake) the baby; and then he (not get) to sleep again.

21 Mary: Don't forget that Tom's four boys (spend) the weekend here. I don't know how we (manage) with four boys under our feet in this small house.

Jack: I have an idea. We (turn) the attic into a playroom. Then they (be able) to play trains without tripping anyone up.

22 Tom: Peter's just phoned to say that he (catch) (has arranged to catch) the 8.10 train and (be) here by 9.00.

23 When George (come) out of hospital? (What date has been fixed?) ~ I don't know. They (move) him (have arranged to move) to the County Hospital next week so I (have) to ask them about coming out dates.

24 I (ring) Peter tonight. (We have arranged this.) I (ask) him to ring you?~ No, don't bother. I (be) away most of the week. I (write) to him. (not a previous decision)

25 Don't worry about meals tomorrow. Everything's been arranged. (have) breakfast on the train, we (lunch) with the manager—he (stand) us lunch—and the Smiths (give) us dinner after the show.

26 Tom (who has just dropped his key on the path): Never mind; Mary's at home. She (let) us in and we (find) the key tomorrow when it's light.

27 George and Lucy (get) married next week. You (go) to the wedding? ~ No, I wasn't invited. They (have) a big wedding?

28 I (wait) for you? ~ No, don't bother. This (take) a long time. I'm sure, and I don't want you to miss your train.

29 Tom, the host: What you (have), Paul? Paul: I (have) the grilled steak, please. Tom: And I (have) roast duck. (He gives his orders to the waiter and then studies the wine list.) Hm. You (have) steak and I (have) duck. We (have) some red wine.

30 Jack: I (give) you a lift to work tomorrow if you like. Tom: Have you borrowed a car? Jack. No, I've just bought one. I (collect) it this afternoon.

31 Ann: Peter has set his alarm clock for 5 a.m. He (get) up very early, isn't he?

Mother: Early! Do you know what (happen)? The alarm bell (ring). Peter (sleep) through it and he (come) down to breakfast at the usual time or a little later.

32 Peter: I (be) promoted next week. Mr Jones (leave) and I (take) over the department. (These arrangements have already been made.) Ann: At this rate you soon (be) a director, and then you (spend) two hours a day on business lunches and (lose) your figure.

33 Tom: I (fly) to New York next week. (This has been arranged.) Jack: You (take) your wife with you?

Tom: No. I know that if I take her she (spend) all her time and most of my money in the New York shops.

34 Mary: Jack and I (go) out tonight. We (have) dinner at the Festival Hall and (go) to a concert afterwards.

Ann: And what about the children? I (come) and babysit if you like. Mary: Oh, my neighbour (come) in to sit with them. But thank you for offering, Ann. I (ask) you next time.

35 Nadia: I see that Amadeus (come) to our local cinema next week. George: Oh, good. We (go) and see it together on Monday night? Nadia. Yes, let's. I (get) the book out of the library and then I (be able) to compare the book and the film. George: If you do that out loud during the film I (not pay) for your supper afterwards.

36 Ann (reading newspaper): It says here that Smith's (open) their new department next week, and that they (have) a sale to give it a good start. I think I (look) in on Monday at lunchtime. Mary: Good idea! I (come) too.

Peter (entering room): Where you girls (have) lunch today? Mary: We (miss) lunch. We (go) to a sale instead.

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