- •Аккредитованное негосударственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Московская финансово юридическая академия
- •Иностранный язык
- •1 Часть
- •Оглавление
- •Text 1.1: City or village? Advantages and disadvantages of different lifestyles
- •Грамматический материал To be (present simple)
- •Item 1 to be. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. To be. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. To be. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. To be. (expressions)
- •Text 1.2: Moscow: the lord of the rings
- •Грамматический материал Articles
- •Singular and plural
- •Countable/ uncountable
- •Personal pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Text 1.3: Weather proverbs
- •Грамматический материал To be going to do smth.
- •Item 1. To be going to do smth. (present simple. Positive sentences)
- •Item 2. To be going to do smth (present simple. Negative sentences)
- •Item 3. To be going to do smth (present simple. Interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. To be going to do smth (past simple)
- •Future simple or to be going to do smth
- •There is/ There are
- •Item 1. There is/ there are. (present simple. Positive sentences)
- •Item 2. There is/ there are. (present simple. Negative sentences)
- •Item 3. There is/ there are. (present simple. Interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. There is/ there are. (past simple)
- •Item 5. There is/ there are. (future simple)
- •Item 6. There is/ there are. Review
- •Text 1.4: Appearance
- •Грамматический материал Have and have got
- •Do and make
- •Text 1.5: Travelling
- •Грамматический материал Present Simple
- •Item 1. Present simple. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Present simple. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Present simple .(interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Present simple. (short answers)
- •Item 5. Present simple. Review
- •Text 1.6: Todays traffic. Common Traffic Errors
- •Suggestions for Safer Driving
- •Грамматический материал Present Continuous
- •Item 1. Present continuous. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Present continuous. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Present continuous. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Present continuous. Review.
- •Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Text 1.7: The internet
- •Грамматический материал Future Simple
- •Item 1. Future simple. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Future simple. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Future simple. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Future simple. (review)
- •Text 1.8: Phone power
- •Грамматический материал To be (future simple)
- •Text 1.9: Greenpeace’s history
- •Грамматический материал Modal verbs
- •Item 1. Modal verbs. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Modal verbs. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Modal verbs. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Have to
- •Item 5. Modal verbs. Review
- •Text 1.10: Oxford university
- •Грамматический материал Special Questions
- •Text 1.11: Choosing a u.S. University
- •Text 1.12: Harvard university
- •Грамматический материал Questions Tags
- •Text 1.13: Cambridge university
- •1) Nouns
- •2) Adjectives
- •Грамматический материал To be (past simple)
Item 3. To be. (interrogative sentences)
Exercise 1. Find the right answers for the questions.
Where is the book? A London
Is your car red? B No, I’m not.
Is your friend from Moscow? C Yes, sure you are.
Am I late? D My mother.
Where is Ann from? E Two
What colour is your hat? F Black.
Are you hungry? G No, it’s blue.
How are your parents? H In my bag.
Who’s that woman? I No, he’s not Russian.
How old is your brother? J Very well.
Exercise 2. Make questions with these words. Use is or are.
(at home / your mother?)
(your parents / well?)
(you/happy?)
(interesting / your job?)
(the shops / open today?)
(interested in sport / you?)
(near here / the post office?)
(at school / your children?)
(why / you / late?)
(where/the bus stop?)
Exercise 3. Complete the questions. Use What... /Who... /Where... /How....
1 -…… are your parents? - They are very well.
2 - …… the bus stop? - At the end of the street.
3 - …… your children? - Five, seven and twelve.
4 - ………..these oranges? - 30 rubles a kilo.
5 - ………..your favourite sport? - Snowboarding.
6 - ………...the man in this photograph? - My grandfather.
7 - ………..your new shoes? - Black
Exercise 4. Write the questions. Answer them.
(name?) ……
(from?) ……
(American?) ……
(how old?) ……
(profession?) ……
(brother a lawyer?) ……
(your parents name?) ……
(your parents age?) ……
Exercise 5. Write short answers (Yes, I am. /No, he isn't, etc.).
Are you married?
Is it dark now?
Are you thirsty?
Are you a teacher?
Is it cold today?
Are your hands cold?
Is it Monday today?
Is your mother a lawyer?
9 Are you tired?
10 Is it winter now?
Item 4. To be. (expressions)
Exercise 1. Translate the following expressions into English and make positive, negative and interrogative sentences with them.
быть голодным / моя сестра
хотеть пить/ дети
быть уверенным в чем-либо/ я
быть неуверенным в чем-либо/ мои родители
интересоваться чем-либо/ мой брат
быть уставшим/ мой друг
злиться на кошку/ наши друзья
быть радостным/ я и мой брат
уметь хорошо делать что-либо/ мои друзья
бояться чего-либо/ мой племянник
быть в порядке (OK)/ мои бабушка и дедушка
быть против чего-либо/ мои родители
быть за что-либо/ мой шеф
Text 1.2: Moscow: the lord of the rings
For his epic fantasy Ronald Tolkien borrowed magic rings from ancient
Moscow's second ring, what is called Kitay-Gorod, has practically disappeared. Nothing is left but a fragment of the wall behind the Metropol Hotel and another fragment in Kitaygorodsky Passage near the Rossia Hotel. But if you descend into the underground crossing on Slavyanskaya Square, you will see a section of the bulky white-stone foundation of Kitay-Gorod's biggest tower, the Varvarskaya (of St. Barbara). Kitay-Gorod was not a complete ring. Its walls, which embraced a neighborhood of wealthy merchants, adjoined the Kremlin on the side of Red Square. The fortress was built in 1536—1538 by Petrok Maly (Pietro the Minor), an Italian architect.
Moscow periodicals of the 1830s wrote: "Laying out boulevards is a happy invention. It has made our old capital incredibly beautiful."
The Boulevard Ring, Moscow's third ring, also began as a fortress, White City. It embraced settlements north of the Kremlin all the way down to the Moskva River.
White City was built under the eagle eye of the monarch's expert, Fyodor Kon, in 1586—1593. Its size and beauty earned it the name of Czar's City. This largest stone fortress in Moscow was over nine kilometers long and had twenty-seven towers, ten of which served as gates. Today, on the site of these ten gate towers are the ten squares of the Boulevard Ring. On the site of the most beautiful tower of the fortress, the Tower of Seven Peaks, now stands the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Moscow's longest and shortest-lived fortress, the Skorodom ("very quickly built"), was erected of logs in 1592. Two decades later it burned down during the Polish invasion. Instead of rebuilding it, Moscow erected a huge earthen wall on the site.
Two centuries have passed since the earthen walls were demolished, and a wide road appeared in their place. People who wished to build a house along the road were asked to lay out lawns and gardens before their homes. So the road came to be known as the Garden Ring. The lawns and gardens disappeared long ago. Today the avenue is lined with 20th-century buildings in the Russian Art Nouveau style and creations of Stalin's style.
Moscow's fifth and last defense line, the Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart (from the Camera Collegium, the Ministry for Taxes and Fees), was built during the reign of Peter the Great in the early 18th century. It served as the city's customs boundary, protecting it from smuggling. Only few streets have survived from the rampart and they are not connected.
Like every megalopolis, Moscow is having traffic problems which can be solved only by creating more transport rings. The map of Moscow may be compared to the cross section of a tree trunk with a series of successive growth rings, but Moscow's rings are secular rather than annual.
In the past Moscow reduced all its medieval fortresses to ring roads. Today it continues to add ring after ring. Its administrative border is marked by the largest ring, the Moscow Outer Automobile Ring Road (MKAD), built in the 1960s. This is a 109-km highway with circular traffic.
The Third Transport Ring Road is one of the largest-scale projects of recent years. Its length is 36 kilometers; 12 kilometers represent tunnels, bridges and overpasses. The Lefortovo tunnels alone are 4.5 km long and lie deep under a historical neighborhood. The capital's two other rings, serving as a surface railroad and an underground metro line, bring the total number of Moscow's rings to nine. Devotees of Tolkien's epic with its nine magic rings might have stopped at this. But Moscow keeps moving on. Now it is preparing for a fourth transport ring, for motor vehicles.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1.
A. Find the Russian equivalent for:
the Neglinnaya river, the Garden Ring, the Boulevard Ring, Kitay-Gorod, Metropol Hotel, Rossia Hotel, Kitaygorodsky Passage, Slavyanskaya Square, Red Square, Kremlin, White City, Tower of Seven Peaks, Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Skorodom, Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart
B. Where are they located?
Exercise 2. Say whether these sentences are true or false and explain why.
Moscow was founded as a stone fortress.
Moscow was first mentioned in the chronicles as a wooden fortress on a high hill at the confluence of two rivers, the Moskva and the Yauza.
The walls of the wooden fortress were replaced with red stone by Dmitry Donskoy.
Moscow's second ring is called Kitay-Gorod.
Nothing is left of the Kitay-Gorod.
Kitay-Gorod was a complete ring around Kremlin.
The Boulevard Ring also began as a fortress.
White City was built under the eye of Fyodor Kon.
Fyodor Kon was Russian monarch in 1586—1593.
Kremlin was called the Czar's City for its size and beauty.
White City was the largest stone fortress in Moscow.
White City had twenty-seven towers, two of which served as gates.
The ten squares of the Boulevard Ring used to be ten gate towers.
The Cathedral of Christ the Savior stands on the site of the Tower of Seven Peaks.
Moscow's shortest-lived fortress was the Skorodom.
The Skorodom burned down in 1592.
Instead of rebuilding the Skorodom, Moscow built the road in its place.
The Garden Ring is called so because people who wished to build a house along the road were asked to lay out gardens before their homes.
The Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart was built during the reign of Peter the Great.
Only few connected streets have survived from the Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
Is Moscow having any traffic problems at the moment?
How can these problems be solved?
How many road rings does Moscow have at present?
What does the author of the text compare the map of Moscow to? Why?
How is the city’s administrative border called?
When was the Moscow largest ring built?
How long is the largest road ring?
How long is the Third Transport Ring Road?
Are there any tunnels, bridges and overpasses on the Third Transport Ring Road?
Does Moscow have transport rings only for cars?