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- •Аккредитованное негосударственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Московская финансово юридическая академия
- •Иностранный язык
- •1 Часть
- •Оглавление
- •Text 1.1: City or village? Advantages and disadvantages of different lifestyles
- •Грамматический материал To be (present simple)
- •Item 1 to be. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. To be. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. To be. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. To be. (expressions)
- •Text 1.2: Moscow: the lord of the rings
- •Грамматический материал Articles
- •Singular and plural
- •Countable/ uncountable
- •Personal pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Text 1.3: Weather proverbs
- •Грамматический материал To be going to do smth.
- •Item 1. To be going to do smth. (present simple. Positive sentences)
- •Item 2. To be going to do smth (present simple. Negative sentences)
- •Item 3. To be going to do smth (present simple. Interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. To be going to do smth (past simple)
- •Future simple or to be going to do smth
- •There is/ There are
- •Item 1. There is/ there are. (present simple. Positive sentences)
- •Item 2. There is/ there are. (present simple. Negative sentences)
- •Item 3. There is/ there are. (present simple. Interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. There is/ there are. (past simple)
- •Item 5. There is/ there are. (future simple)
- •Item 6. There is/ there are. Review
- •Text 1.4: Appearance
- •Грамматический материал Have and have got
- •Do and make
- •Text 1.5: Travelling
- •Грамматический материал Present Simple
- •Item 1. Present simple. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Present simple. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Present simple .(interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Present simple. (short answers)
- •Item 5. Present simple. Review
- •Text 1.6: Todays traffic. Common Traffic Errors
- •Suggestions for Safer Driving
- •Грамматический материал Present Continuous
- •Item 1. Present continuous. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Present continuous. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Present continuous. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Present continuous. Review.
- •Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Text 1.7: The internet
- •Грамматический материал Future Simple
- •Item 1. Future simple. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Future simple. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Future simple. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Future simple. (review)
- •Text 1.8: Phone power
- •Грамматический материал To be (future simple)
- •Text 1.9: Greenpeace’s history
- •Грамматический материал Modal verbs
- •Item 1. Modal verbs. (positive sentences)
- •Item 2. Modal verbs. (negative sentences)
- •Item 3. Modal verbs. (interrogative sentences)
- •Item 4. Have to
- •Item 5. Modal verbs. Review
- •Text 1.10: Oxford university
- •Грамматический материал Special Questions
- •Text 1.11: Choosing a u.S. University
- •Text 1.12: Harvard university
- •Грамматический материал Questions Tags
- •Text 1.13: Cambridge university
- •1) Nouns
- •2) Adjectives
- •Грамматический материал To be (past simple)
Text 1.7: The internet
The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. Оnе such packet switching network which has already survived a war is the Iraqi computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.
The most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fair; accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month.
The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.
In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.
But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled — but inexpensive — Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.
However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. "in the clear". But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.
Exercises:
Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
What is the Internet?
Where did it begin?
What was the Internet originally designed for?
What does the packet switching technology let you do?
What country are most of the Internet host computers in?
Why is the Internet so popular?
What is the most popular Internet service?
Why do businessmen from developing countries like using the Internet for communication needs?
Whom do you have to pay for sending e-mail messages?
How can you make money using the Internet?
What is the most important problem, connected with the Internet?
When the encoding programs are especially useful?
What do banks use the Internet for?
Exercise 2. Correct the sentences.
Million of people use the Internet.
The Internet were designed for military purpose.
The Internet provides you with the important informations.
There are a special technology called packet switching.
If one computer on the network will be broken, information will just find another route.
Iraqi computer network are not knocked out during the Gulf War.
The most of the Internet host computers in the United States.
The Internet host computers are located in more than 100 country.
Nobody know exactly how many people use the Interne.
The popularest Internet service is e-mail.
A lot of people has access to the Internet.
Some people uses the Internet only for e-mail messages.
There is a lot of popular Internet services.
Exercise 3. Insert the correct preposition where needed.
You can find all kinds of information … the Internet.
More and more companies are using the internet … conduct their business.
Do you have access … the Internet?
Can you contact him … email?
Send … me an e-mail when you have any news.
I haven't had time to check my email … this morning.
The website allows you … take a virtual tour of the art gallery.
A message flashed up … my computer screen.
The information is stored … computer.
Shoppers can send in their orders … computer and pick up their goods later.
Some people make money … the Internet.
Can you send this e-mail message … me right now?
It is possible … get into any of the computers.
We kept working in spite … the fatigue.
Almost all the information being sent … the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding.
There are games that can be downloaded free … the Internet.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.
The telecommunications … in many developing countries are unreliable.
The businessmen prefer to … over the Internet with their partners.
I had no time to send e-mail … today.
People use the Internet all over the … .
Internet users have to pay their service … a fee.
Some people think that making … from the Internet is easy.
The commercial … of the Internet is increasing.
The most important Internet problem is … .
It’s not safe to send important … over the network.
Some banks conduct … over the Internet.
OCUS: computer
Exercise 5. Explain what these things you do with your computer mean:
start up/power up your computer
open a file or document
enter information
click on an icon
cut and paste pieces of the text
copy files or programs
scroll up and down the page
delete things you do not want
burn CDs or DVDs
close a file or document
save your work
shut down your computer