Sequence of tenses

Характерна особливість англійської мови полягає в узгодженні часів: час дієслова підрядного речення залежить від часу, в якому стоїть присудок головного речення. Це правило має трудності, коли присудок головного речення вжитий в одній з форм минулого часу. У цьому випадку у підрядному реченні не можуть використовуватися форми теперішнього або майбутнього часу дієслів, хоча річ іде про дії, які відбуваються в теперішньому або майбутньому.

Якщо дієслова в головному реченні стоять в одному з минулих часів, то і дієслово в підрядному реченні має стояти в одному з минулих часів.

Час, який потрібний за змістом	Present	Present	Present	Past	Past	Future
та ситуацією	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect	Indefinite	Perfect	Indefinite	will	can	may
Час, який має використовуватися	Past	Past	Past	Past	Past	Future
в підрядному реченні	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect	Perfect	Indefinite	would	could	might
						in the past

У подібних випадках можливі три основні випадки:

She lives in Kyiv. I knew that she lived in Kyiv.	Одночасова дія
He is working. I thought he was working.
He has left Kyiv. I did not know that he had left Kyiv.	Попередня дія
She lost her keys. I knew that she had lost her keys.
They will come in time. ,1 hoped they would come in time.	Подальша дія

The Sequence of Tences

Present - Past

Present Continuous – Past Continuous

Past Simple– Past Perfect

Present Perfect – Past perfect

Will – would

Can – could

May – might

Ex. I am hungry. – Paul said he was hungry.

Ex. «I am working today». – He said he was working today.

«I was in New York. I have been t o New York. « - He said that he had been to New York..

«I will talk to you tomorrow» - The teacher said that he would talk to me tomorrow.

«You can borrow my pen» - He said that I could borrow his pen.

Ex.6. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Звертаючи увагу на правило узгодження часів.

1. I thought that he finished his work at five every day.

2. I thought that he had finished his work.

3. She supposed that they always came in time.

4. She supposed that they had come in time.

5. He hoped that she studied well.

6. He hoped that she had studied well at school.

7. We knew that he was ill.

8. We knew that he had been ill.

9. I did not know when they left home.

10. I did not know when they had left home.

11. He said his father was a pilot.

12. He said his father had been a pilot.

13. They were sure she wrote letters to her granny.

14. They were sure she had written a letter to her granny.

15. She said that she would visit us in a week.

16. Our teacher said we would be writing the test at two o'clock.

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