1. Choose Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
1. |
basic mathematics |
a) |
обчислення і вимірювання |
2. |
increasing pace |
b) |
стосуватися; розглядати |
3. |
tally method |
c) |
разюча риса |
4. |
Renaissance |
d) |
особливий масив знань |
5. |
counting and measuring |
e) |
зростаючий темп |
6. |
to concern |
f) |
"спалахи" розвитку математики |
7. |
bursts of mathematical development |
g) |
відноситися |
8. |
to refer to |
h) |
епоха Відродження |
9. |
specific body of knowledge |
i) |
метод простого підрахунку |
10. |
striking feature |
j) |
елементарна метематика |
11. |
the earliest written records |
k) |
точна десяткова лінійка |
12. |
pictorially represented |
l) |
втілювати |
13. |
to incorporate |
m) |
найдавніші письмові пам’ятки |
14. |
to indicate |
n) |
плоска поверхня |
15. |
subsequently |
o) |
правило знаходження невідомого члена пропорції |
16. |
geometric spatial designs |
p) |
графічно представлений |
17. |
plane surface |
q) |
вказувати |
18. |
golden ratio |
r) |
універсальні одиниці вимірювання |
19. |
uniform weights and measures |
s) |
пізніше, потім |
20. |
an accurate decimal ruler |
t) |
геометричні просторові моделі |
2. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the words underlined in the text.
3. Make up the list of the key-words of the text.
5. Translate the italicized passage (in writing).
6. Choose the correct answer:
(Part 1)
1. According to the passage, the most ancient mathematical texts come from
a) ancient Britain, Mesopotamia and Rome.
b) ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and India.
c) ancient India, Mesopotamia and Poland.
d) ancient India, Egypt and Africa.
2. The first signs of mathematics development in China were found in
a) basic arithmetic and geometry.
b) numeration symbols on human bones.
c) Pythagorean Theorem.
d) numeration symbols on oracle bones.
3. What mathematical development is considered to be the most ancient?
a) numeration symbols on oracle bones.
b) Pythagorean theorem.
c) centuries of stagnation.
d) basic arithmetic and geometry.
4. The word mathematics means
a) "science, knowledge, or learning", "fond of learning".
b) "fond of learning".
c) "fond of reading".
d) "fond of knowledge".
5. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this passage (part 1)?
a) History of Egypt, Mesopotamia and India.
b) Basic Arithmetic and Geometry.
c) History of Mathematics.
d) Mathematics in China.
6. The word combination mathematical developments in the text is closest in meaning to
a) developed land, group of buildings.
b) full-grown state.
c) new event, finding or discovery.
d) growth or advancement.
7. The word circa in the text is closest in meaning to
a) exactly.
b) approximately.
c) definitely.
d) precisely.
8. According to the text, the striking feature about the history of mathematics
a) is that it easily passed from one person to another.
b) is its rapid bursts and developments.
c) is that bursts of mathematical development were followed by periods of stagnation
d) is in centuries if its stagnation.
9. What can you state as the main idea of the text?
a) The history of mathematics is characterized by bursts of development and periods of stagnation.
b) In ancient time the main mathematical developments occurred in many locales, while basic mathematics was used by a few cultures.
c) The mathematical knowledge of ancient people was primitive and didn't advance till the 16th century.
d) New mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.
10. The word stagnation at the end of the text is closest in meaning to
a) development.
b) standstill.
c) evolution.
d) advancement.