- •Isbn part I fundamentals of economics
- •Reading what does economics study?
- •Comprehension check
- •6. What do micro- and macroeconomics deal with?
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •Reading the economy and economic systems
- •IV. Translate into English using the Present Simple Passive.
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •Reading mixed capitalism and communism
- •Reading economic policy: efficiency, equity, growth, market equilibrium
- •Reading russia and the world economic order
- •Comprehension Check
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •To manage level complicated tie
- •Reading types of proprietorship
- •Is Entrepreneurship for you?
- •Reading joint stock companies
- •Word power
- •Grammar Revision
- •Quick Reading
- •Capital for a business
- •Reading types of partherships
- •Comprehensive check
- •Word power
- •Additional tax free
- •Grammar Revision
- •Quick Reading
- •Reading monopoly and barriers
- •Comprehension check
- •Word power
- •Grammar Revision
- •Reading the functions of money
- •Grammar Revision
- •Is Plastic Money Really Money?
- •Reading the attributes of money
- •Uniformity
- •Hard for individuals to produce themselves
- •Stability of value
- •Reading the evolution of bank deposit money
- •Part II. The economy of oil and gas industry
- •Reading Oil and Gas in Russia. Development and Financing of Large Projects.
- •Reading Opportunities Await u.S. Independents willing to Change
- •Three ages
- •From ages to stages
- •Independent types
- •Comprehension check
- •Lehman Bros: e&p spending to see slower growth
- •International spending
- •Us spending
- •Reading
- •History of Halliburton
- •Rosneft
- •Компания «Северные магистральные нефтепроводы».
- •Reading Company Structure
- •Оао “Северные магистральные нефтепроводы”
- •Reading Committing to High Standards of Corporate Governance (Rosneft)
- •Corporate Governance Guidelines of Halliburton
- •Board Structure
- •Bp’s Performance Contracts
- •Reading The Labour Force, its Quality and Supply
- •The supply of labour in general
- •Reading
- •Personnel
- •Reading Labour and Salary
- •Comprehension Check
- •Reading osha to Revamp Approach to Regulation
- •Greater cooperation
- •Reich's complaints
- •Comprehension check
- •Status of Industrial, Fire and Occupational Safety
- •Reading for Purpose
- •Certification, the Western Way
- •Unit 7 Taxation and audit Text 1
- •Reading Taxation
- •Principles behind the tax system.
- •Kazakhstan’s New Oil Tax Regime Two types of contracts
- •Different fiscal systems complicate reserve values
- •Fiscal systems
- •Classification of petroleum fiscal systems
- •Reading Auditors and their reports
- •Independent Auditor’s Report
- •Consolidated Balance sheet derived from the consolidated financial statements – year ended 31 December 2003
- •Russia annuls Sakhalin II Contract with PwC.
Greater cooperation
OSHA’s initiative is part of a 15 point program the Clinton administration has launched to shift the agency from "command and control" to greater cooperation with industry.
Business has long complained about OSHA’s red tape and overzeal-ous inspectors. The agency said it has adopted a more common sense approach, but its 2,000 inspectors cannot protect 95 million workers in 6 million American workplaces.
OSHA’s new approach will be based on a pilot project with 198 Maine businesses. OSHA offered them the regulation as usual or minimal regulation if they developed comprehensive safety and health programs.
The companies and their employees identified 95,000 hazards at 1,300 worksites and eliminated 55,000 of them.
By Jan. 1, OSHA will have similar programs in nine other states, using injury/illness rates to identify the most hazardous workplaces. The program will be national in 1996.
Another initiative will seek to eliminate the most serious workplace hazards in industries. Companies that participate will get shorter inspections.
Effective Sept. 1, OSHA will allow inspectors to waive as much as 100% of penalties if employers have approved safety and health programs, the violations are not serious, and they are corrected immediately.
OSHA also plans a “quick fix” policy. If an inspector finds a problem, and the employer corrects it quickly, the issue will be dropped. Otherwise, the employer could fight the citation for months while the hazard goes unabated.
The agency is reviewing all of its 695 rules to identify those that need to be revoked or revised because they are obsolete, confusing, inconsistent, or duplicative. It is reviewing its “right to know” rules that give workers data about toxic substances they may be exposed to.
The agency is revamping its 67 field offices and will evaluate them on injury/illness rates in their regions, not on the number of inspections.
Reich's complaints
Meanwhile, Labor Sec. Robert Reich complained that congressional budget cuts would decimate the OSHA enforcement program.
The Senate wants to slash the agency's $312 million/year budget by 50%, while the House aims for a 20% cut.
Reich also said a proposal to require risk assessments before rules are issued is “regulatory sclerosis — 60 steps at which any party, particularly any business party, can go to court, get a review, and slow if not stop the entire process.”
Comprehension check
I. Answer the following questions.
1. What does OSHA deal with?
2. Is oil and gas drilling the only area which is to be regulated more tightly?
3. What do OSHA’s action plans aim at?
4. How many inspectors work at OSHA?
5. Were will OSHA test its new approach to industrial safety regulation?
6. How are the most hazardous workplaces identified?
7. How will the work of OSHA’s agencies be evaluated?
II. Think and answer.
1. What does “command and control” policy mean, in your opinion?
2. How do “red tape and overzealous” inspectors work?
3. How do you understand a “quick fix” policy of OSHA?
Quick Reading
Read an abstract from the Annual Report of Trasneft (2003), pick out main ideas, make an outline and retell the text. You may neglect some figures given in the abstract.