- •Isbn part I fundamentals of economics
- •Reading what does economics study?
- •Comprehension check
- •6. What do micro- and macroeconomics deal with?
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •Reading the economy and economic systems
- •IV. Translate into English using the Present Simple Passive.
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •Reading mixed capitalism and communism
- •Reading economic policy: efficiency, equity, growth, market equilibrium
- •Reading russia and the world economic order
- •Comprehension Check
- •II. Match synonyms in columns a and b.
- •To manage level complicated tie
- •Reading types of proprietorship
- •Is Entrepreneurship for you?
- •Reading joint stock companies
- •Word power
- •Grammar Revision
- •Quick Reading
- •Capital for a business
- •Reading types of partherships
- •Comprehensive check
- •Word power
- •Additional tax free
- •Grammar Revision
- •Quick Reading
- •Reading monopoly and barriers
- •Comprehension check
- •Word power
- •Grammar Revision
- •Reading the functions of money
- •Grammar Revision
- •Is Plastic Money Really Money?
- •Reading the attributes of money
- •Uniformity
- •Hard for individuals to produce themselves
- •Stability of value
- •Reading the evolution of bank deposit money
- •Part II. The economy of oil and gas industry
- •Reading Oil and Gas in Russia. Development and Financing of Large Projects.
- •Reading Opportunities Await u.S. Independents willing to Change
- •Three ages
- •From ages to stages
- •Independent types
- •Comprehension check
- •Lehman Bros: e&p spending to see slower growth
- •International spending
- •Us spending
- •Reading
- •History of Halliburton
- •Rosneft
- •Компания «Северные магистральные нефтепроводы».
- •Reading Company Structure
- •Оао “Северные магистральные нефтепроводы”
- •Reading Committing to High Standards of Corporate Governance (Rosneft)
- •Corporate Governance Guidelines of Halliburton
- •Board Structure
- •Bp’s Performance Contracts
- •Reading The Labour Force, its Quality and Supply
- •The supply of labour in general
- •Reading
- •Personnel
- •Reading Labour and Salary
- •Comprehension Check
- •Reading osha to Revamp Approach to Regulation
- •Greater cooperation
- •Reich's complaints
- •Comprehension check
- •Status of Industrial, Fire and Occupational Safety
- •Reading for Purpose
- •Certification, the Western Way
- •Unit 7 Taxation and audit Text 1
- •Reading Taxation
- •Principles behind the tax system.
- •Kazakhstan’s New Oil Tax Regime Two types of contracts
- •Different fiscal systems complicate reserve values
- •Fiscal systems
- •Classification of petroleum fiscal systems
- •Reading Auditors and their reports
- •Independent Auditor’s Report
- •Consolidated Balance sheet derived from the consolidated financial statements – year ended 31 December 2003
- •Russia annuls Sakhalin II Contract with PwC.
Comprehension Check
I. Definitions of terms.
1. Mind the difference between two terms: salary and wage.
- Office staff are either monthly or weekly paid and the money they get is called salaries, which are usually set.
- Workers are either weekly or hourly paid and they get set wages.
2. Bonuses are usually paid against certain work done.
3. Read the definition of “заработная плата”taken from the dictionary of economic terms.
Заработная плата – форма материального вознаграждения за труд; выраженная в деньгах основная часть необходимого продукта, поступающая работникам предприятий и учреждений в соответствии с количеством и качеством затраченного ими труда.
Is this definition clear to you? Try to put it in English in a simple way.
4. Translate into Russian the following sentence.
”Remuneration package” – that is pay, bonuses, commitions, share options, expenses, pensions, private health insurance, discounts, paid leave and cars.
Do we have a special term for it in Russia?
II. Answer the following questions.
1. Did the company comply with all requirement of the labour law?
2. What are the main regulatory acts in the sphere of labour and remuneration?
3. It is said that the company didn’t have delays and arrears of salary payment in 2003. Do you think an American or an Englishman will be surprised while reading it? Why?
4. What was the purpose of salary indexation?
5. What do social benefits include?
6. Why did the number of employees decrease?
III. Find sentences or parts of the text which imply the following.
1. Collective agreements are important documents for employers and employees.
2. The reason of increasing salaries was not related with better work of employees.
3. If you are seriously ill, the company will pay for your treatment.
4. The company renders financial aid for the retired.
Text 4
Pre-reading task
a) Discuss the following questions before reading the text.
Do you think oil and gas industry represents some danger for people and environment? What are the harmful effects of activity of oil and gas enterprises? Do you know about any disastrous events which happened at one of the oil and gas enterprises?
In what way should workers be protected? Who is to be responsible for workplace injuries? Do you think the Government should control this issue?
b) Key words: safety, injury, hazard, worksite, penalty, violation, certification, procurement, protective clothing, a fire extinguishing system, to waive, to revamp.
Reading osha to Revamp Approach to Regulation
The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) is considering tougher rules for the U.S. drilling industry.
Since last August, OSHA has been trying to identify 20 of the leading causes of workplace injury, illness, and death.
It said oil and gas well drilling is one of the areas it may regulate more tightly. Also on the potential hit list are asphalt fumes, commercial diving, welding hazards, diesel exhaust, and crane safety.
OSHA will issue action plans by Oct. 1 for six of the priority areas. They will include some rules but mostly will seek to mobilize industry and labor to prevent the hazards.