- •Lesson one
- •A glimpse of london
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises comprehension
- •1. The difference between:
- •2. What each of the following stands for:
- •3. The literal and figurative meanings of:
- •Key structures and word study
- •Grammar There is ... There are ... . Be. Have.
- •With Countable Nouns
- •(B) With Uncountable Nouns
- •Reported Speech
- •Imperative (Requests, Warnings, Instructions, Prohibition)
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- •Reading
- •Some facts about the soviet union
- •Government in britain
- •Questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Comprehension
- •The Indefinite Tense forms (Present, Past and Future)
- •Reported Speech
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •The Article
- •Assignments
- •Questions
- •In the Morning
- •More about the english
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises comprehension
- •Key structures and word study
- •Ex 14 Translate the following
- •On weather
- •The Continuous Tense Forms (Present, Past and Future)
- •Mixed Bag
- •In the waiting room
- •The Use of the Present Indefinite Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition with the Meaning of the Future
- •Reported Speech. Sequence of Tenses (contd)
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs
- •The Article
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson four
- •At home
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •Reported Speech. Sequence of Tenses (contd)
- •The Article
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •To kill a man
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Comprehension
- •Key structures and word study
- •Complex Object
- •Mixed Bag
- •Adverbial Clauses of Time
- •The Use of the Present Perfect Tense in the Meaning of the Future Perfect Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Time
- •In the dining-car
- •The Article
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson six
- •An unfinished story
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Key structures and word study
- •Model Verbs and Their Equivalents Must, Can and May
- •Have to*
- •Be Able*
- •Mixed Bag
- •The Article
- •Reading
- •Assignments
- •Types of Novels**
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson seven
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Key structures and word study
- •Passive Voice (Indefinite Tense Forms)
- •Two Objects: Direct and Indirect (a) give, send, tell, show, pay, promise, offer
- •(B) buy, sell, sing, read, write*
- •(С) explain, describe, dictate, repeat, mention**
- •Two Direct Objects (ask, envy, teach)***
- •Passive Voice with Verbs which Have a Prepositional Object
- •Mixed Bag
- •The Article
- •Reading
- •Assignments
- •How to Write a Précis
- •Questions
- •How einstein discovered the law of relativity
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Exercises comprehension
- •Key structures and word study
- •Grammar Passive Voice (contd)
- •Perfect Tense Forms
- •II. Continuous Tense Forms
- •Mixed Bag
- •The Article
- •Reading
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson nine
- •Letters from college
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Key structures and word study
- •Perfect Continuous Tense Forms (Present, Past and Future)
- •Mixed Bag
- •The Article
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson ten
- •Joe hill—the man they couldn't kill
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Tense and Voice (revision)
- •Reading
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson eleven
- •A meeting in the night
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Key structures and word study
- •The Infinitive. Syntactical Functions
- •The Predicative
- •An Attribute
- •An Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
- •An Adverbial Modifier of Result
- •The Article
- •Reading
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
- •Lesson twelve
- •Barney's maggie2
- •Vocabulary
- •Word combinations
- •Comprehension
- •Key structures and word study
- •Ex 14 Study the following phrases and (a) recall the sentences in which they are used in the text and (b) use them in sentences of your own.
- •Grammar Modal Verb "Should"
- •The Article
- •Reading
- •Assignments
- •Speech and composition
- •Questions
Perfect Continuous Tense Forms (Present, Past and Future)
Ex 19 Study the following chart.
I
|
1 2
|
She has been waiting to see you since morning. They have been studying English for three years.
|
II
|
3
4 5
|
When I came to work at the Institute she had been teaching there for ten years already. She said that she had been working at this factory since 1980. He had been living in Leningrad up to 1981 and then he moved to Moscow.
|
III
|
6
|
By this time next year he will have been lecturing on the subject for five years.*
|
Ex 20 Ask questions indicated at the end of the sentences.
1. I have been working on the problem for three years. (How long?) 2. We had been walking for hours before we saw the lake. (How long?) 3. It has been raining since morning. (Since when?) 4. I don't want to go out this evening. I've been working in the garden all day. (Who?) 5. We have been making chemical experiments for the past few days. (What experiments?) 6. By the time she comes, he will have been staying at the hotel for two days. (How long?) 7. He said he had been taking English lessons since he was a boy. (Since what time?) 8. You have been hiding from me lately. (Why?) 9. For the past few minutes he has been trying to make her understand that she is wrong. (What?)
Ex 21 Use the Present Perfect Continuous tense form in the following sentences, make use of the adverbial modifiers suggested in the brackets (watch the change in meaning).
Model 1: He has already written this letter, (since morning)
He has been writing this letter since morning.
1. They have already built the theatre, (for two years). 2. We have discussed all these problems (the whole month). 3. I've helped her with her work. (since she came to this office). 4. He has just read this book. (all week). 5. She has taught them how to do it. (for years). 6. What has happened here? (while I have been away). 7. Has he read the book? (long). 8. I've looked through today's newspapers, (since the postman brought them).
Model 2: They are playing tennis now. (since lunch time)
They have been playing tennis since lunch time.
1. It's snowing hard. (since early morning). 2. I am looking for a book which I've put somewhere, (since I returned from the office). 3. She is wearing a brown hat today, (for three years). 4. They are making tractors at this factory (since 1935). 5. They are translating an article from the Morning Star now. (for two hours). 6. The baby is crying, (all morning). 7. I am reading David Copper field now. (this week). 8. She is waiting for you in the hall. (for twenty minutes).
Ex 22 Answer the following questions, using the Present Perfect Continuous. Tense.*
Model: Why are you looking so hot? (to run all the way)
I've been running all the way.
1. Why are you so excited? (argue). 2. Why are her eyes red? (cry). 3. Why does he look so tired? (work hard lately). 4. What's so funny? Why are you laughing? (Peter, fell his funny stories again). 5. Why do you keep silent? (sorry, think over your words). 6. What are you doing here? (wait for a friend). 7. Why do you look so pale? (smoke too much today). 8. Why are you late? (walk all the way, something has happened on the trolley-bus line). 9. Why are your hands covered with paint? (paint the door).
Ex 23 Repeat and expand the following statements, using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Model: They feel very tired, (work very hard)
They feel very tired. They have been working very hard.
1. The pavements are wet. (rain). 2. I've got wet to the skin. (walk in the rain). 3. My throat is dry. (talk much). 4. He is wearing shorts. (play football). 5. They are talking very excitedly, (watch a very interesting match). 6. She is still looking pale and ill. (stay in hospital for a long time). 7. He is playing table-tennis today very well. (practise a lot). 8. She's got a camera in her hand. (take photographs). 9. He's got paint all over him. (paint the house). 10. They've got brown, (lie in the sun). 11. They feel very tired, (travel all day). 12. You look pale. (smoke too much again). 13. I feel stiff, (sit for a long time).
Ex 24 Begin the following sentences with: 'I wondered', 'he asked', 'she said', etc.
1. Has she been waiting for me long? 2. I have been thinking things over and now I've made up my mind at last. 3. How long has the child been sleeping? 4. He has been lecturing since the beginning of term. 5. What have you been doing in my absence? 6. I've been reading this book for a week.
Ex 25 Practise the Past Perfect Continuous Tense according to the model.
Model 1: He was short of breath because {run all the way)
He was short of breath because he had been running all the way.
1. His hands were dirty (work in the garden). 2. She passed all her examinations very well (study hard throughout the term). 3. He was behind the class (not study properly). 4. Her eyes were red (cry). 5. She got used to his strange ways (live together for a long time). 6. She looked half asleep (rest).
Model 2: They drove for three hours. Then they stopped for lunch.
After they had been driving for three hours, they stopped for lunch.
1. We walked for an hour. Then we understood that we had taken the wrong road. 2. He waited for her for half an hour. Then he went away. 3. He worked at the laboratory for five years. Then he changed his job. 4. I thought the matter over for quite some time. Then I took a decision. 5. He looked through the latest newspapers and magazines for some time. Then he sat down to his report. 6. She watched the television late into the night. Then she could not sleep.