The Use of the Present Perfect Tense in the Meaning of the Future Perfect Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Time

Ex 49 Complete the following sentences using the Present Perfect Tense in adverbial clauses of time according to the model.

Model: I shan't go anywhere until (finish writing my report).

I shan't go anywhere until I've finished writing my report.

1. You'll pay when (get the money from home). 2. I'll come as soon as (write this letter). 3. He won't let you have another book until (give back the one he gave you last week). 4. She will understand what it is only after they (teach her a good lesson). 5. I shan't speak with you until (take your words back). 6. You'll never be well again until (stop smoking). 7. You won't understand the goodness of these people until (live some time with them). 8. I won't let you go till (promise to come again).

Ex 50 Translate the following sentences (note the model above).

1. Мы не отпустим вас, пока вы не пообедаете с нами. 2. Никто не будет с вами разговаривать, пока вы не возьмете свои слова назад. 3. Нельзя пользоваться этим аппаратом, пока вы не изучите инструкцию. 4. Вы начнете свободно читать английскую литературу только после того, как прочтете несколько книг.

Ех 51 Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

In the dining-car

John and his wife, Angela, are fond of (travel) and usually they (go) abroad for their holidays. Some time ago they (go) to a small town in Yugoslavia. They also (spend) a very exciting holiday in Italy last year. They (catch) a plane from London to Paris, then they travelled by train to Istambul. The train (move) very slowly through the mountains in Northern Italy. John and Angela (have dinner) in the dining-car when the train (stop) suddenly. They (look) out of the window. It (get) dark, but they (notice) quite a lot of men in green (get on) the train. One of them (speak) angrily. John (think) he (see) fire-arms, but it (become) too dark to be sure.

A few minutes later the dining-car (be) full of men in green. They (ask) everybody for their passports and (look) at them hurriedly. Angela decided that the men (be) police or immigration officials. A man, who (sit) quietly at their desk, (look) very excited. One of the men in green (come up) to the man. But before he (ask) for his passport, the man (jump) from the seat (push) the nearest man hard, and (try) to get out of the window — but it was too small. Other officials (seize) the man and (take) him away. One of them (explain) that the Italian police (expect) them (arrest) the robber because he (steal) three paintings from the Uffizzi Gallery in Florence several weeks before.

(Mozaika, 1970)

Ex 52 Rewrite (or retell) in narrative form the following passage from the text. From "In front of her, near the wall, stood a man" ... up to "And now I must go".

The Article

Ex 53 Study the chart. See how the following nouns 'weather', 'advice', 'news', 'information', 'progress', 'money', 'work' are used.

1. What good weather (news, advice, progress, work, information)! 2. Where is the money (news, advice, work, information) from? It is from Nick. 3. I've got a piece (two pieces) of news (information, advice). 4. There is much (little) work (money, news, information, progress).

Ex 54 Translate the following.

1. (і) Советы давать легко, но очень трудно следовать им. (іі) Позвольте мне дать вам совет, (ііі) Обратитесь к нему, он, как правило, даeт хорошие советы. 2. (і) Что нового? (іі) Это старые новости, я их уже давно слышал, (ііі) Какая прекрасная новость; дома обрадуются, когда услышат ее. 3. (і) — Где деньги? — Они на столе, (іі) Я не могу дать тебе много денег. Двадцать пять рублей устроят тебя (достаточно)? 4. (і) Эта книга содержит все сведения о последней экспедиции Беринга, (іі) Новые сведения еще не поступили; мы ждем их с минуты на минуту. 5. (і) Он ищет работу, (іі) Это очень трудная работа. Она не сможет сделать ее самостоятельно, (ііі) Я хочу быть откровенен с вами. Мне не нравится, как вы сделали эту работу, (іііі) Он не собирается менять место работы. Здесь ему й работа по душе, и коллектив. 6. (і) — Вы хорошо отдохнули за городом? — Да, была чудесная погода и мы большую часть времени были на воздухе, (іі) В этом году с погодой происходит что-то странное. У нас раньше никогда не было дождливой погоды в декабре, (ііі) Я надеюсь, погода не изменится к худшему; я оставила плащ и зонт дома. 7. Он сделал большие успехи за последнее время. Я знаю, что его преподаватель очень доволен им.

Ех 55 Translate the following.

Hall Two is on the second floor. Take Bus Five, get off at the fourth stop.

1. — Где сейчас четырнадцатая группа? — У них обычно в это время лекция по истории во втором зале. 2. — Где будет завтра собрание? — В 405-й аудитории. 3. — На какой странице третий урок? — На пятьдесят восьмой. 4. — Скажите, пожалуйста, где находятся картины Репина? — В пятом зале, на втором этаже. — Спасибо. 5. На нашем курсе около десяти групп; самая маленькая — восьмая, в ней только три студента. 6. Вот десятый автобус, ваша остановка пятая (отсюда). 7. Дом номер девять — четвертый от угла.

READING

Ex 56 Read the text, and do the assignments coming after it.

It is useful to be able to estimate and describe characters. There are however, two aspects of the subject. Personal appearance, physical features, stature and build, clothes or individual details which make one person different from another. Such description is often given of missing persons. There will be little indication of character in these cases.

Yet clothes and appearance are often an index to character, not only the kind of clothes people wear, but how they wear them. A person who takes little interest in his or her appearance, is not likely to be a methodical or tidy person.

Characters may be described in several ways: by description, by suggestion, by conversation, or by action.

Simple description is perhaps the easiest, but also the least satisfactory method, e.g. you may, say John Brown is a very methodical and tidy person, which is a plain statement of fact. If, however, you describe some of his habits which help to build character, such as his neatly-parted hair and clean shoes, his careful and accurate work, tidy desk, and so on, all this will suggest his character far better. If you wish to add that John is also cheerful and good-tempered, you can do so by describing what he says and what he does. If you listen to a person's talk, you soon have some idea of his character. You should remember, also, that "Actions speak louder than words" and by telling how people act, you will be indicating their character.

If you wish to describe people well, you should notice such things as habits, mannerisms, amusements or hobbies, clothes, particularly hats and shoes. Habits and amusements can also tell us much. Character shows itself through such details as one's voice, walk, features, eyes, mouth, hands, rouge, or other make-up.

Yet we cannot say that a person is wholly good or bad, any more than we can say that a high forehead always denotes intelligence or a big chin indicates a strong will.

(After "English Every Day" by R. E. Houseman)