- •Exercise 2. Match the following terms with their definitions. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Exercise 3. Find corresponding equivalents:
- •Itching
- •Exercise 6. Answer the questions:
- •Exercise 7. Choose the proper continuation on the right. Open the brackets and use verbs in the correct tense and voice. Read and translate into Ukrainian.
- •Exercise 10. Approve or disapprove the following statement.
- •Exercise 11. Make up the dialogue of your own using any following questions. Questions to Ask Your Doctor after a Cancer Diagnosis
- •Exercise 12. Translate into English and make up the sentences of your own.
- •Exercise 13. Translate into English.
TYPES OF TUMOURS
Exercise 1. Learn the following words.
nutrient |
[´nјu:trɪәnt] |
поживна речовина |
tumour |
[´tјu:mә] |
пухлина |
prone |
[´prәʋn] |
схильний |
cancerous |
[´kænsәrәs] |
раковий |
imply |
[im´plaɪ] |
значити |
pinpoint |
[´pɪnpoɪnt] |
вказувати |
sheath |
[´∫i:θ] |
оболонка |
notorious |
[nәʋ´tɔ:rɪәs] |
загальновідомий, сумнозвісний |
occult |
[´ɔk ʌ lt, ә´kʌlt] |
прихований |
itching |
[´ɪt∫ɪŋ] |
сверблячка |
radiation |
[,reɪdɪ´eɪ∫n ] |
випромінювання |
chemotherapy |
[ki:mәʋ´θerәpɪ] |
хіміотерапія |
target |
[´tɑ:gɪt] |
ціль, мішень |
transplant |
[´træ(ɑ)nsplɑ:nt] |
трансплантат |
remission |
[rɪ´mɪ∫әn] |
послаблення |
confined |
[kәn´faind] |
обмежувати |
lodge |
[lɔʤ] |
застряти |
leukemia |
[lu:´ki:mɪә] |
лейкемія |
carcinoma |
[,kɑ: sɪ´nәʋmә] |
карцинома |
identified |
[aɪ´dentɪfaɪd] |
встановлений |
prostate |
[´prɔsteɪt] |
передміхурова залоза |
sarcoma |
[sɑ: ´kәʋmә] |
саркома |
myeloma |
[maɪә´lәʋmә]мієлома |
мієлома |
lymphoma |
[lɪm´fәʋmә ] |
лімфома |
Exercise 2. Match the following terms with their definitions. Translate them into Ukrainian.
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the major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands. Also called hypophysis. |
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a structure in living tissue which closely envelops another the fatty sheath around nerve fibers. |
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a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth. |
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relating to or affecting the colon and the rectum. |
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an uncomfortable sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch. |
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tumour composed of tissues not normally present at the site (the site being typically in the gonads) . |
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an organ or tissue which is transplanted. |
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anything that increases a person's chance of developing a particular disease, such as cancer. |
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a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant. |
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a benign tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue. |
Exercise 3. Find corresponding equivalents:
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Exercise 4. Choose one or more nouns from list B to modify the verbs from list A so as to make sense. Translate the word combinations into the native language and make up the sentences of your own with them.
List A: to spread to, to inhibit, to destroy, to carry out, to be not confined to, to depend on, to overproduce, to break away from, to fight, to travel through, to be surrounded by, to be influenced, to imply, to pinpoint, to grow, to destroy, to get rid of, to produce, to attack, to cause , to result from.
List B: for nutrients, the health, in size, tissue, a work, a disease, effects, hormones, a sheath, ability, location, obstruction, humans, mass, the blood, a bone, genetics, a cause, cancer, side effects, cancer cells.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the text
TYPES OF TUMOURS
A tumour fights with normal cells for nutrients and destroys the health cells and tissues the body needs. The tumour continues to grow in size and press onto nearby organs, or nerves causing pain. As tumour grows it attacks tissue and organs directly making them prone to infection, and finally destroying their ability to carry out their work properly. There are two kinds of tumors.
A benign tumour is not cancerous. The term "benign" implies a mild and nonprogressive disease. Indeed, many kinds of benign tumors are harmless to human health. However, some neoplasms is defined as "benign tumors" because they lack the invasive properties of a cancer may still produce negative health effects. Examples of this include tumors which produce a "mass effect" (compression of vital organs such as blood vessels), or tumors of endocrine tissues, which may overproduce certain hormones. Examples include thyroid adenomas, adrenocortical adenomas, and pituitary adenomas. Benign tumors typically are surrounded by an outer surface (fibrous sheath) that inhibits their ability to behave in a malignant manner. Nonetheless, many types of benign tumors have the potential to become malignant and some types, such as teratoma, are notorious for this. Benign tumors are very diverse, and may be asymptomatic or may cause specific symptoms depending on their anatomic location and tissue type. Symptoms or pathological effects of some benign tumors may include: