Chapter
4
Operational Procedures
Establishment of Procedures |
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Use of Air Traffic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Authorization and Selection of Aerodromes by the Operator |
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Planning Minima - ETOPS En Route Alternate |
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Meteorological Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Approach and Landing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Aerodrome Operating Minima (AOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Commencement and Continuation of Approach |
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Instrument Departure and Approach Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Noise Abatement Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Routes and Areas of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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RVSM Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Operations in MNPS Airspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Maximum Distance from an Adequate Aerodrome for Two-engine Aeroplanes without |
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an ETOPS Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Extended Range Operations with Twin-engine Aeroplanes (ETOPS) . . . . . . . . |
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Establishment of Minimum Flight Altitudes |
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Fuel Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Carriage of Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRMs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Carriage of Inadmissible Passengers, Deportees or Persons in Custody |
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Stowage of Baggage and Cargo and Galley Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Passenger Seating |
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Passenger Briefing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Flight Preparation |
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ATS Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Refuelling and De-fuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Crew Members at Duty Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Seats, Safety Belts and Harnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Continued Overleaf
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Operational Procedures |
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Procedures Operational 4
Ice and Other Contaminants |
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Use of Supplemental Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Ground Proximity Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Occurrence Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Operational Procedures |
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Establishment of Procedures
The operator is required to establish and define procedures for all ground and flight operations relating to the duties of ground staff and crew members specific to each type of aeroplane used in the operation.
Checklists are to be formulated and used by crew members for all phases of the operation of the aeroplane under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions and the checklists are to be applicable to OM Part B ensuring the procedures detailed in Part B are followed. The aircraft manufacturer’s checklists contained in the AFM will be the basis for the companyspecific checklists.
The operator is to ensure that no procedures other than those required for the safe operation of the aeroplane are required during critical phases of the flight.
Use of Air Traffic Control
Whenever it is available (it will always be available in controlled airspace (CAS) and at controlled aerodromes) an ATC service is to be requested and the ATC instructions complied with. Inevitably, this will require the filing of an IFR flight plan (FPL) in classes A, C, D and E airspace or a VFR/IFR FPL in class B airspace. This implies that all commercial operations will take place inside CAS. As a controlled flight inside CAS ATC will apply the required separation standards to all flights thus maximizing safety.
Authorization and Selection of Aerodromes by the Operator
Only authorized aerodromes are to be used as destinations or destination alternates. All the aerodromes used for flight operations in the context of the operation, are to be approved by the operator. Such consideration must take into account the types of aeroplane used and the nature of the operation concerned.
Take-off Alternate
The Operational Flight Plan (OFP) will specify a take-off alternate to be used in the event that it would not be possible to return to the departure aerodrome for meteorological or performance reasons.
Take-off Alternate - Planning Minima for IFR Flights
For an aerodrome to be selected as a take-off alternate, the weather reports/forecasts must indicate that during the period 1 hour before until 1 hour after the ETA at the (alternate) aerodrome the met conditions will be at or above the applicable aerodrome operating minima defined at Figure 4.1. In this respect, the ceiling must be taken into account when non-precision or circling approaches are the only available instrument approach option. Additionally, any limitations related to one engine inoperative must also be considered.
Two Engine Aeroplane
The take-off alternate must be located within either one hour flight time at the one-engine- inoperative cruise speed or, where approved, the operator’s ETOPS diversion time, subject to any MEL restriction, up to a maximum of 2 hours at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed.
Operational Procedures 4
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Operational Procedures |
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Procedures Operational 4
Three or More Engines
Two hours flight time at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed specified in the AFM in still air standard conditions based on the actual take-off mass for threeand four-engine aeroplanes.
Note: The one-engine-inoperative cruise speed is to be the speed specified in the AFM in still air standard conditions based on the actual take-off mass. If the AFM does not specify a speed, the speed to be used for calculation is that which can be achieved with the remaining engines set at maximum continuous power.
Destination (Except for Isolated Destination Aerodromes)
For an aerodrome to be selected as a destination, the weather reports/forecasts must indicate that during the period 1 hour before until 1 hour after the ETA at the aerodrome, the met conditions will be at or above the following:
•The RVR/visibility must be as required for the aerodrome operating minima.
•For a non-precision or circling approach the ceiling must be at or above MDH.
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Two destination alternates must be selected.
Alternate
The planning minima defined in the table below are applicable to destination alternate, isolated destination and 3% ERA.
Type of Approach |
Planning Minima |
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CAT II and CAT III |
CAT I RVR |
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CAT I |
Non-precision RVR and the ceiling must be above |
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MDH (See note) |
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Non-precision |
Non-precision RVR and the ceiling must be above |
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MDH (See note) plus 200 ft and 1000 m |
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Circling |
Circling (Vis/RVR/MDH(VM(C)) |
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Note. Non-precision means the next highest minimum that is available at the aerodrome. So, for CAT I ILS this could be ILS no GP or, for example, a VOR/DME. The same is applicable to nonprecision approaches.
Figure 4.1
Destination Alternate(s)
The selected destination alternate (diversion) aerodromes are to be detailed in the OFP.
At least one destination alternate (diversion) aerodrome must be selected for each IFR flight unless:
•Both, the duration of the planned flight from take-off to landing (or in the event of a replan, the remaining flight time) does not exceed 6 hours, and two separate runways are available and useable at the destination aerodrome and the met reports/forecasts indicate that from 1 hour before until 1 hour after ETA at the destination, the ceiling will be at least 2000 ft or circling height +500 ft (whichever is greater) and the visibility will be not less than 5 km.
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